少水压裂技术及展望

Development Trends and Prospects of Less-Water Hydraulic Fracturing Technology

蒋廷学 左罗 黄静

JIANG Tingxue ZUO Luo HUANG Jing

页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室，北京 100101 中国石化石油工程技术研究院，北京 100101

State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing, 100101, China Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing, 100101, China

针对常规水力压裂用水量大、无水压裂难以达到高砂液比和泡沫压裂难以形成复杂裂缝等问题，提出了少水压裂技术的概念，即充分利用水力压裂、无水压裂和泡沫压裂的技术优势，在满足压裂造缝体积要求的基础上，最大限度地减少用水量。重点介绍了超临界二氧化碳与低黏度滑溜水复合破岩技术、基于多因素的多簇裂缝均衡延伸控制技术、造缝及携砂全程加砂技术和压裂后返排及生产全生命周期管理等少水压裂关键技术，给出了大幅度提高压裂液的造缝效率、最大限度提高多尺度水力裂缝的砂液比和应用微泡沫压裂液等少水压裂关键工艺。少水压裂技术的提出，对国内压裂思路转变和开发效果提升具有较强的理论价值和现实指导意义。

In view of the large water consumption in conventional hydraulic fracturing, the rare implementation for waterless fracturing to reach high sand liquid ratio, and the difficulty in forming complex fractures with foam fracturing, the concept of a less-water hydraulic fracturing technology was proposed. Making full use of the technical advantages of hydraulic fracturing, waterless fracturing and foam fracturing, less-water hydraulic fracturing can reduce the water consumption to the maximum on the basis of satisfying the fracture volume. This paper mainly introduces the key technologies of less-water hydraulic fracturing including the composite rock breaking technology of supercritical carbon dioxide and low-viscosity slick water, balanced extension control technology for multi-cluster fractures based on multiple factors, sand adding technology during the fracture creating and sand carrying process, and flowback and production life-circle management technology, etc. According to these technologies, key methods of less-water hydraulic fracturing were proposed, such as remarkable enhancement of the fracturing fluids’ facture creating efficiency, maximal improvement of the sand liquid ratio in the multi-scale hydraulic fractures and the application of micro-foam fracturing fluid, etc. The proposal of less-water hydraulic fracturing technology has strong theoretical value and significance in idea change of fracturing and development effect enhancement in China.

国家自然科学基金项目“页岩油气高效开发基础研究”（编号：51490653）、国家重大科技专项“彭水地区常压页岩气勘探开发示范工程”（编号：2015ZX05069）和中国石化科技攻关项目“盐间页岩油增产工艺及试采技术研究”（编号：P19013-5）联合资助

https://doi.org/10.11911/syztjs.2020119