凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头的研制与现场试验

Development and Field Test of a Non-Planar Cutter PDC Bit with Convex Ridges

彭齐 周英操 周波 刘川福 刘宇

PENG Qi ZHOU Yingcao ZHOU Bo LIU Chuanfu LIU Yu

中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司，北京 102206 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083 中国石油塔里木油田公司油气工程研究院，新疆库尔勒 841000

CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing, 102206, China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing, 100083, China Oil and Gas Engineering Research Institute, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang, 841000, China

常规PDC钻头在钻进塔里木油田库车山前巨厚砾石层时存在破岩效率低、机械钻速慢和钻井周期长等问题，分析认为，砾石对常规PDC钻头的平面齿产生较大冲击力导致切削齿崩齿或严重磨损是钻速低的主要原因。为此，设计了一种凸脊型非平面齿，并研制了配套PDC钻头，将钻头破岩方式由常规PDC钻头的面切削转变为线压裂和面挤压，大大提高了钻头破岩效率。室内试验表明，凸脊型非平面齿具有良好的抗冲击性能与抗研磨性能，抗冲击性能是平面齿的10倍以上。2只凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头在库车山前地区博孜区块某井砾石层井段进行了现场试验，创造了机械钻速最高、单只钻头进尺最长的区块纪录，与邻井常规PDC钻头相比，进尺提高1.5倍以上，平均机械钻速提高64%以上，提速效果明显。研究与试验表明，凸脊型非平面齿PDC钻头能够较好地满足库车山前巨厚砾石层高效钻进的要求，可为库车山前深层天然气的高效勘探开发提供了技术支持。

When conventional PDC bits are used to drill into the massive gravel layer at the Kuqa Piedmont, challenges such as low rock breaking efficiency, low ROP and long drilling cycle are encountered. A deeper analysis concluded that the large impact of gravels on the planar tooth of conventional PDC bits, as well as the further tooth breakage or severe wear are the main reasons of low penetration rate. Therefore, a convex ridge non-planar cutter was designed, and the matched PDC bit was developed to transform the traditional face cutting into linear fracturing and face crushing methods, which greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency of bit. The lab tests suggest that the convex ridge non-planar cutter had good impact resistance and anti-abrasive performance, and the impact resistance was 10 times that of the planar tooth. Two convex ridge non-planar tooth PDC bits have been tested in the gravel interval of a well in the Bozi Block, creating a record of the highest ROP and the longest single bit footage in this block. Compared with the conventional PDC bits in adjacent wells, the footage was increased by more than 1.5 times, and the average ROP increased over 64%, with obvious effect of raising the penetration rate. Research and tests indicated that the ridge non-planar cutter PDC bit could meet the requirements of drilling in the massive gravel layer of Kuqa Piedmont effectively, and provide technical supports for the efficient exploration & development of deep natural gas in this area.

国家科技重大专项课题“深井超深井高效快速钻井技术及装备”（编号：2016ZX05020-002）、中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技专项“重大工程关键技术装备研究与应用”（编号：2018E-2102）和中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“超深井钻井提速提质关键技术攻关”（编号：2018E-1808）联合资助

https://doi.org/10.11911/syztjs.2020035