无安全压力窗口裂缝性地层五步压回法压井方法

A Five-Step Bullheading Killing Well Control Method for Fractured Formations without a Safety Pressure Window

滕学清 孙宝江 张耀明 王志远 刘洪涛 吕开河

TENG Xueqing SUN Baojiang ZHANG Yaoming WANG Zhiyuan LIU Hongtao LYU Kaihe

1. 中国石油塔里木油田分公司油气工程研究院, 新疆库尔勒 841000; 2. 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 山东青岛 266580

1. Research Institute of Oil & Gas Engineering, PetroChina Tarim Branch, Korla, Xinjiang, 841000, China; 2. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong, 266580, China

采用常规压井方法处理无安全压力窗口裂缝性地层气侵时存在一压即漏、漏完仍喷的问题，为解决该问题，基于安全控制井筒压力并重建安全压力窗口的指导思想，提出了五步压回法压井方法。介绍了五步压回法压井的基本原理和挤压转向、平稳压回、逐步刹车、吊灌稳压和堵漏承压5个步骤，给出了压井液排量、漏失压差、井口套压和安全压力窗口等关键参数的计算方法。五步压回法压井方法自2006年开始在塔里木油田推广应用以来，控制了1 138井次溢流和38次井控险情，大大提高了压井成功率。研究结果表明，五步压回法压井方法能有效控制井筒压力，实现喷漏同存裂缝性地层的安全钻进。

While using conventional killing well control methods to deal with the gas kick in fractured formations without a safety pressure window,rapid lost circulation and blowout may occur again.Based on the guideline for the safe control of wellbore pressure and establishment of safe pressure window,a five-step bullheading killing well control method was proposed to handle the gas kick in fractured formations without a safety pressure window,including squeezing diversion,stable bullheading,stepwise halting,pressure stabilizing with hoisted filling,and leakage plugging under pressure.The new approach presented the calculation methods for the key parameters,such as flow rate of killing fluid,leakage pressure difference,casing pressure and safety pressure window etc.The five-step bullheading killing well control method has been applied in Tarim Oilfield since 2006,and handled overflow for 1 138 times and 38 times of well control risks,improving the success rate of well killing significantly.The research results showed that the five-step bullheading killing well control method could effectively control the wellbore pressure and realize the safe drilling in the fractured formation with the coexistence of blowout and lost circulation.

国家重点基础研究发展计划（"973"计划）项目"海洋深水油气安全高效钻完井基础研究"（编号：2015CB251200）、国家优秀青年基金项目"油气井多相流动理论及应用"（编号：51622405）和山东省杰出青年基金项目"油气井多相流动理论及应用"（编号：JQ201716）联合资助。

https://doi.org/10.11911/syztjs.2018157