极地冷海钻井技术挑战及关键技术

The Challenges and Key Technologies of Drilling in the Cold Water Area of the Arctic

杨进 路保平

YANG Jin LU Baoping

中国石油大学(北京)海洋工程研究院, 北京 102249; 中国石化石油工程技术研究院, 北京 100101

Institute of Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China; Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing, 100101, China

北极冷海地区油气资源丰富，是目前国际石油公司关注的热点，了解极地冷海钻井技术挑战和关键技术现状，对推进极地冷海钻井技术进步、实现极地冷海油气资源的高效开发具有重要意义。为此，通过大量文献调研和实地考察，分析了国内外极地冷海钻井装备及关键技术的现状和主要研究进展，得到了以下认识：恶劣的作业环境、长距离的后勤保障和苛刻的环保要求，是极地冷海油气勘探开发面临的首要难题；坐底式平台、人工岛、抗冰自升式平台和浮式平台等是目前极地冷海钻井作业采用的关键装备，低温钻机、全封闭抗冰平台及耐低温新型材料等是极地冷海钻井亟待突破的关键装备及材料。调研分析认为：冻土层钻井技术、低温钻井液和固井技术、万米大位移井钻井技术、极地灾害风险评价及控制技术和钻井废弃物环保排放技术是未来极地冷海钻井技术的主要攻关方向，是实现极地冷海油气资源高效开发的关键。

The cold water area of the Arctic is rich in oil and gas resources,which has been the focus of international oil petroleum companies presently.Understanding the challenges and key technologies of drilling in this area is of great importance for promoting the technological breakthroughs and making high efficient development of oil and gas resources.Through a large number of literature research and field investigation,Arctic cold water drilling equipment and key technologies as well as main research progress have been analyzed in domestic waters and abroad,and have arrived at the following conclusions:the primary challenges for oil and gas exploration and development in cold water area of the Arctic include harsh operating environment,long distance logistic support,stringent environmental requirements.The key equipment for drilling in the area includes bottom-supported platform,artificial island,ice resistant jack-up platforms and floating drilling rigs.Meanwhile,low-temperature drilling rigs,fully enclosed ice resistant platforms and new low temperature resistant materials are the key drilling equipment and materials urgently require a technical breakthrough urgently in the near future.The investigation results indicate that the main research directions for cold water area of the Arctic drilling should include permafrost drilling technology,low temperature drilling fluid and cementing technology,the extended reach drilling with displacement more than ten thousands of meters,the assessment and control of the disaster or risk,drilling waste emission,environmental protection,etc,which are the key technologies for the high efficiency development of oil and gas resources in cold water area of the Arctic.

国家重点研发计划项目"极地冷海钻井关键技术研究"（编号：2016YFSF010327）、国家自然科学"海洋深水浅层钻井关键技术基础理论研究"（编号：51434009）、国家自然科学创新研究群体项目"复杂油气井钻井与完井基础研究"（编号：51221003）、国家自然科学"深水油气井导管全寿命周期承载力演化机理研究"（编号：51774301）联合资助。

https://doi.org/10.11911/syztjs.201705001