基于电参数的螺杆泵杆管偏磨预判研究

Prejudgment of Eccentric Wear of Screw Pump Rod Based on Electrical Parameters

黄伟 甘庆明 张磊 辛宏 杨海涛

Huang Wei Gan Qingming Zhang Lei Xin Hong Yang Haitao

中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院, 陕西西安 710021; 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 陕西西安 710021

Oil and Gas Technology Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China

针对螺杆泵采油中存在的杆管偏磨问题，建立了基于电参数的抽油杆偏磨分析模型。通过模型分析发现：抽油杆扭矩和轴向力的变化都能反映工况的变化；抽油杆扭矩与沉没度正相关，与油管半径负相关；当扭矩和轴向力发生变化时，抽油杆的偏磨程度就会发生变化，该变化会在电流和有功功率参数中反映出来。结合现场故障井数据分析得出：有功功率对工况变化的敏感性强，尤其对中小驱动装置或电机轻载情况，比电流具有更强的反映工况变化的能力；当抽油杆磨断时，电流会有一定程度降低，而有功功率则产生明显突变；含蜡量、转速和沉没度偏高所引起的杆管偏磨监测曲线的变化趋势与基于电参数的抽油杆偏磨模型的分析结果一致。根据研究结果，提出用自动调速功能控制沉没度波动；通过控制系统自动调整螺杆泵转速的方法改变液面深度，使杆管磨损程度大幅度降低；应用自动连续监测方法确定螺杆泵井的合理热洗周期，从而预防含蜡量偏高所引起的杆管偏磨。

Prejudgment of eccentric wear of screw pump rod was conducted by an analysis model that was established according to electrical parameters.Following behaviors were observed in analysis with the model:both torque and axial force changes of the sucker rod could reflect the variation of working conditions;the rod torque was positively correlated with submergence degree and negatively with tubing radius;and when torque and axial force changed,the eccentric wear of rod changed accordingly,which could be reflected by such parameters as current and active power.Data analysis of field fault wells indicated that active power was more highly sensitive than current to the change of working conditions,especially for the small or medium-sized drive unit or motors with light loads;when the sucker rod worn off,current might drop to a certain extent,but the active power changed abruptly;the curve of eccentric wear due to higher wax content,rotation speed and submergence depth was consistent with the results analyzed with the model based on electrical parameters.It was proposed that utomatic speed-adjusting function be used to control the fluctuation of submergence depth;liquid level be changed by automatically adjusting the rotary speed of pump,so as to mitigate the eccentric wear of rod significantly;and reasonable hot washing period of wells was determined by monitoring screw pump automatically and continuously to prevent eccentric wear due to higher wax content.

中国石油天然气股份公司重大科技专项“长庆油田油气当量上产5000万吨关键技术”之研究项目“采油采气关键技术”（编号：1202-1-4）资助。

https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2014.04.019