基于宽频子波的检波组合目标函数优化方法

An Objective Function Optimization Method Based on Multi-frequency Wavelets for Receiver Combination in Seismic Acquisition

彭更新 徐峰 徐凯驰 刘福烈 李勇军

PENGGengxin XUFeng XUKaichi LIUFulie LIYongjun

中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆 库尔勒 841000 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 四川 成都 610500

Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, CNPC, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China

传统用于设计检波器组合参数的目标函数常以单频简谐波为研究对象，考察零点位置、压制带等局部信息，不符合地震子波的实际频率构成和空间连续性分布特点。以宽频带子波的组合能量响应为基础，利用干扰波与地震反射信号的主体连续分布在空间不同区域的性质，建立了具有统计意义的4种目标函数，4种函数在噪声压制和有效信号保护层面各有侧重点。通过理论分析、数值模拟和实际数据试算，比较了不同目标函数在噪声压制、反射信号损伤、信号频谱变化及AVO畸变方面的差异，分析认为，优先保护有效信号的目标函数能够降低组合低通滤波效应，尤其对远道的AVO畸变影响较小，更加具有优势。

The traditional objective function used to design geophone array parameters often takes single-frequency simple harmonic as the research object, and investigates the local information such as zero point position and suppression band, which does not conform to the actual frequency composition and spatial continuity distribution characteristics of seismic wavelet. Based on the combined energy response of broadband wavelets, using the property that the main bodies of interference waves and seismic reflection signals are continuously distributed in different regions of space, four objective functions with statistical significance are established, each of which has its own emphasis on noise suppression and effective signal protection. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and actual data trial calculation, the differences of different objective functions in noise suppression, reflected signal damage, signal spectrum change and AVO distortion are compared. The analysis shows that the objective function protecting the effective signal, as it has more advantages first can reduce the combined low-pass filtering effect, and has less impact on AVO distortion.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.12.14.02