国外枯竭气藏型储气库重大事故经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Major Accidents in Underground Gas Storages Rebuilt from Depleted Gas Reservoir Abroad

张哲 徐长峰 赵勇 陈月娥 张新鹏

ZHANGZhe XUChangfeng ZHAOYong CHENYue'e ZHANGXinpeng

中国石油新疆油田储气库有限公司, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000 中油(新疆)石油工程有限公司, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000

Xinjiang Oilfield Gas Storage Co. Ltd., PetroChina, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China PetroChina (Xinjiang) Petroleum Engineering Co. Ltd., Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China

目前，中国正处于天然气地下储气库建设的初级阶段，在事故预防、应急与处理等方面经验存在不足。为此，开展了国外地下储气库泄漏事故调研，统计了地下储气库发生事故概率，并分析了主要原因及其危害，以期指导中国储气库安全平稳运行。研究结果表明，气藏型地下储气库发生事故概率最高，危害性最大；主要事故类型包括地面设施损坏、圈闭密封性破坏及井筒完整性失效3种。按照事故发生频次分别为地面设施、圈闭、井筒；按事故危害程度分别为圈闭、井筒、地面设施。在重点剖析了国外气藏型储气库典型泄漏案例后分析认为，应重视储气库圈闭密封性的动态监测；选址评价时应重点开展断裂与老井密封性评价。最后，结合中国储气库建设发展现状，提出了5点建议以期为中国地下储气库高效建设、安全运行提供重要保障。

Apparently, China is in the primary stage of underground gas storage construction. Experiences in accident preventions and emergency treatments are insufficient. The study of leaking accidents of foreign underground gas storages have been investigated. Analyzing the probability of leaking accidents, main causes and damages of those underground gas storages is a proper method for guiding China's stable and safe underground gas storages operation. The results of study indicate that storage in gas fields is of the highest accident probability with the greatest damage, and that the main types of accidents include surface facilities damage, trap sealing and wellbore integrity failure. The frequency of accidents from the highest to the lowest is the surface facilities, wellbore and trap. The extent of accident damages from the highest to the lowest is the trap, wellbore and surface facilities. Secondly, this paper focuses on the typical leakage cases of foreign storage in gas fields, and concluded that dynamic monitoring of trap sealing in underground gas storages is significant, and evaluating the fractures and old wells sealing condition are of top priorities during the site selection evaluation. In relation to the current constructing and developing situation of underground gas storages in China, five suggestions are proposed to provide an essential guarantee for the efficient construction and safe operation of underground gas storages in China.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2022.05.26.03