汽油储罐泄漏扩散三维动态研究

A Study on Leakage Diffusion of Gasoline Tanks by 3D Dynamics Model

张志坚 王旭 廖柯熹 曾昭雄 文静

ZHANGZhijian WANGXu LIAOKexi ZENGZhaoxiong WENJing

国家管网集团西南管道有限责任公司, 四川 成都 610036 中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司, 河北 廊坊 065000 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院, 四川 成都 610500 中国石油西南油气田公司安全环保与技术监督研究院, 四川 成都 610041

Southwest Pipeline Company, PipeChina, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Corporation, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China Safety, Environment and Technology Supervision Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

10 000 m的立式内浮顶储罐在成品油站场中数量最多，为研究汽油泄漏扩散行为，考虑相邻罐之间的影响，通过FLACS软件，按照标准建立罐区三维模型，基于pool模块，分别讨论液池和可燃气云在不同泄漏速率、温度、风速影响下的扩散行为。研究结果表明，双罐区的液池和气云扩散主要受相邻储罐的阻挡而绕流扩散，随后与单罐区一样，受到防火堤的约束；根据在30 s形成的液池面积大小及可燃气体扩散最远距离来评价汽油泄漏后的灾害严重程度，发现泄漏速率越大、风速较小且稳定时，液池及可燃气云扩散速度越快，危险程度越高，而温度对液池扩展及气云扩散影响较小；结合监测点的实时气体浓度信息及GB 50493——2019相关规定，建议罐区可燃气体探测器设置在泄漏源附近，高度设置为0.3 m。

The largest number of vertical internal floating roof tanks in the refined oil station is 10 000 m, In order to study the diffusion behavior of gasoline leakage and consider the influence between adjacent tanks, a 3D model of tanks is established according to the standard by FLACS software. Based on the pool model in FLACS, the diffusion behavior of pool and combustible gas cloud under the influence of different leakage rate, temperature and wind speed are discussed, respectively. The results show that the diffusion of pool and gas cloud in the double tanks is mainly restricted by the adjacent tank. Then, as in the single tank farm, it is restrained by fire dike. The severity of the disaster after gasoline leakage is evaluated according to the size of the pool and the furthest distance of combustible gas diffusion in 30 s. It is found that the greater the leakage rate, the smaller and stable the wind speed, the faster the diffusion speed of pool and combustible gas cloud, the higher the risk degree, while the temperature has little impact on the expansion of pool and gas cloud diffusion. Combined with the real-time gas concentration information of the monitoring point and the relevant provisions of GB 50493--2019, it is suggested that the combustible gas detector in the tank farm should be set near the leakage source with a height of 0.3 m.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2020.05.26.02