油页岩原位转化热解反应特征研究综述

Review on the Characteristics of Pyrolysis During In-situ Conversion of Oil Shale

徐金泽 陈掌星 周德胜 聂万才 李苒

XUJinze CHENZhangxing ZHOUDesheng NIEWancai LIRan

卡尔加里大学化学与石油工程系, 艾伯塔 卡尔加里 T2N1N4 西安石油大学石油工程学院, 陕西 西安 710065 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室 · 西南石油大学, 四川 成都 610500 中国石油长庆油田分公司宜黄天然气项目部, 陕西 西安 710021

Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China Yihuang Natural Gas Project Department, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China

近年来，世界能源消耗日渐增加，作为非常规能源之一的油页岩是重要的接替资源。中国油页岩资源量丰富，居世界第四位。原位转化技术作为油页岩开采的主流技术，利用热解反应建立渗流通道，开采页岩油气。基于热解反应阶段、干酪根热解、矿物成分影响与热解协同孔隙结构演化等4个方面对原位转化过程中的热解反应特征进行研究综述：（1）热解反应各个阶段下的热物理演化与热化学反应；（2）干酪根热解的反应机理及其影响因素；（3）无机矿物分解对热解反应的促进与抑制作用；（4）热解反应协同孔隙结构演化的机理及其对微裂缝扩展的促进作用。立足于热解反应这一原位转化中的核心技术问题，力图为热解反应在油页岩与中低成熟度页岩油原位转化中的应用提供一定的参考。

Recently, the consumption of global energy gradually increases, and the oil shale is an important substitution for the conventional oil and gas. The oil shale reserves in China are abundant, which ranks the fourth in the world. As the main technology to develop oil shale reservoirs, the in-situ conversion utilizes pyrolysis to expand seepage pathways to obtain shale oil and gas. This paper reviews the characteristics of pyrolysis from four aspects:the stage of pyrolysis, the pyrolysis of kerogen, the impact of minerals and the evolution of pore structures assisted by pyrolysis:(1) thermophysical evolution and thermochemical reactions in different stages of pyrolysis reaction; (2) reaction mechanism of kerogen pyrolysis and its influencing factors; (3) promoting and inhibiting effects of mineral decomposition on pyrolysis; (4) the mechanism of pore structure evolution assisted by pyrolysis and its effects on fracture propagation. This paper is based on the pyrolysis which is the core technical challenge during the in-situ conversion. It will also provide some references for the application of in-situ conversion in oil shale and shale oil with low and medium maturities.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2021.02.28.03