非均质低渗透储层渗流特征实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Porous-flow Characteristics of Heterogeneous Low-permeability Reservoirs

于倩男 刘义坤 刘学 姚迪 于洋

YUQiannan LIUYikun LIUXue YAODi YUYang

东北石油大学石油工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318 "提高油气采收率"教育部重点实验室·东北石油大学, 黑龙江 大庆 163318 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司, 黑龙江 大庆 163001

School of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Education Ministry, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd., PetroChina, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, China

基于平板模型模拟非均质低渗透储层的相似理论，设计、制作并评价了非均质低渗透平板模型，进而开展渗流特征物理模拟实验，利用平板模型内部对称布置的压力传感器获取的压力数据，绘制了压力梯度分布图和渗流区域划分图，进而分析非均质低渗透储层渗流特征。实验结果表明，非均质低渗透储层的注采井近井地带压力消耗很大，同号井连线中点处压力梯度最小，注采单元内压力梯度分布状况随渗透率及平面非均质性的变化相应改变；渗透率的增大使压力传播距离增大，非均质性的增强则对压力传播有负面影响，当储层整体渗透率较低时，渗透率增大的影响程度大于非均质性的负面影响；随着采出端渗透率增大，非均质低渗透储层的不流动区域面积变小，相应的可流动区域变大，其中更利于流体流动的拟线性渗流区域面积比例增大。

A plate model for heterogeneous low-permeability reservoirs was designed, and subsequently evaluated based on the similarity theory on the plate model simulation of heterogeneous low-permeability reservoirs. A physical simulation experiment was then performed to examine the porous-flow characteristics, by graphically representing the pressure gradient field and porous-flow area using the pressure data obtained via pressure sensors installed symmetrically inside the plate model. The experimental results showed that the pressure consumption in heterogeneous low-permeability reservoirs was very big in the areas adjacent to injection-production wells; pressure gradient reaches the lowest level at the midpoint of the central line of two wells of the same size; pressure gradient distribution within a flooding unit changes with variations in the rate of porous flow and degree of in-plane heterogeneity; increased porous flow results in increased pressure transmission distance, while increase in heterogeneity relates negatively to pressure transmission; when the overall porous flow of a reservoir was low, the positive effect of increased porous flow on pressure transmission outweighs the negative effect of increased heterogeneity; as the porous flow at the production terminal increased, the none-flowing area became smaller and correspondingly, the flowing area became larger, thereby leading to an increased ratio of quasi-linear porous-flow area that facilitated a better fluid flow.

10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2017.05.31.01