深层—超深层油气成藏研究新进展及展望

New progress and prospect of oil and gas accumulation research in deep to ultra-deep strata

关晓东 郭磊

GUAN Xiaodong GUO Lei

中国石化 科技部, 北京 100020 中国石油 冀东油田分公司, 河北 唐山 063000

Department of Science and Technology Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100020, China Jidong Oilfield Company, CNPC, Tangshan, Heibei 063000, China

我国深层—超深层油气资源丰富，但勘探程度较低。深层—超深层具有比浅层更高的温度和压力，并且来自于深部的流体在深层的作用更强，因此，深层—超深层油气藏与浅层油气藏具有不同的成藏机理。通过广泛调研国内外相关研究，较为系统地总结了深层—超深层油气藏在成烃、成储和成藏方面的特殊性及其主控因素。提出深层—超深层环境中存在促进烃源灶继续生烃的物质和能量，能进一步促进油气形成；起源于深层—超深层储层之下的流体可以发挥建设性作用，从而在深层形成优质规模储层；流经烃源岩和储层的深部富CO2流体对深层烃类具有促排作用，并在浅层发挥促藏作用。尽管前人归纳的这些理论对指导发现规模油气藏尚存一些争议，但应该看到，在深层—超深层独特的地质条件下，在总结油气成藏规律时，全面、充分考虑各种因素，有助于提高深层—超深层探井成功率，降低勘探成本。

There are abundant deep to ultra-deep oil and gas resources in China, but the degree of exploration is low. The deep to ultra-deep reservoirs have higher temperature and pressure than the shallow ones, and the fluid from the deep strata plays a stronger role in the deep formations. Therefore, the deep to ultra-deep reservoirs have different accumulation mechanism from the shallow ones. Through extensive research at home and abroad, the particularity and main control factors of hydrocarbon generation, reservoir-forming and hydrocarbon accumulation of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs were systematically summarized. It was suggested that there are materials and energy in the deep to ultra-deep environment that can promote the continuous hydrocarbon generation of hydrocarbon kitchens, which can further promote oil and gas accumulation. Fluids originating from deep to ultra-deep reservoirs can play a constructive role in forming high-quality large-scale reservoirs in deep strata. The deep CO2-rich fluid flowing through source rocks and reservoirs can promote the hydrocarbon expulsion in deep strata and the hydrocarbon accumulation in shallow strata. Although these theories summarized by predecessors are still controversial in guiding the discovery of large-scale oil and gas reservoirs, it should be seen that under the unique geological conditions of deep to ultra-deep strata, when summarizing the law of oil and gas accumulation, comprehensive and full consideration of various factors will help to improve the success rate of deep to ultra-deep exploration wells and reduce exploration costs.

国家自然科学基金 U20B6001;国家自然科学基金 42172168

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202302203