塔里木盆地于奇低幅度构造油气区土壤微生物特征

Microbial characteristics of soil in low-amplitude structures in Yuqi area, Tarim Basin

李武 王国建 闫欢 贾宝迁

LI Wu WANG Guojian YAN Huan JIA Baoqian

中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126 中国石化 西北油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011 中国科学院 微生物研究所, 北京 100101

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China Exploration and Production Research Institute of Northwest Oilfield Branch, SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

为研究塔里木盆地于奇油气田土壤中微生物的多样性和群落结构特征，采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术，测试了于奇YQ5井东部的油气已知区(YQ-y)和YQ12井西部的油气目标区(YQ-wz)土壤中微生物16S rRNA V4区序列，比较分析了两个区块微生物的群落结构和多样性。YQ-y和YQ-wz两组样品绝大部分的微生物类群具有一致性。α和β多样性分析均表明，YQ-y和YQ-wz两组样品在物种丰度、多样性以及群落结构等方面具有很大的相似性。同时，解析了YQ-y和YQ-wz两组样品属水平排名前10的细菌，发现噬甲基菌属、拟杆菌属、类诺卡氏菌属和芽孢杆菌属是可利用油气藏兼性生长的常见微生物，而且两组样品中均发现大量的未知细菌，说明两组样品都蕴含了丰富的未知微生物资源。基于高通量测序分析，获得的于奇地区油气微生物多样性信息，YQ-y和YQ-wz两组样品整体上微生物类群非常接近，并初步探讨了于奇东部微生物异常点。

High-throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA gene has been conducted to explore microbial diversity and community structure in the Yuqi oil and gas reservoir sites of Tarim Basin. Soil samples were collected from Yuqi oil and gas reservoir sites (YQ-y) to the east of well YQ 5 and prospecting areas (YQ-wz) to the west of well YQ 12. Most of the two groups of sample have similar microbial community. Both α- and β-diversity analyses show that YQ-y and YQ-wz samples have great similarity in species abundance, diversity and community structure. Ten major hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria were identified in the YQ-y and YQ-wz samples, including Methylophaga, Bacteroides, Nocardioides, and Bacillus. Moreover, a large number of unknown bacteria were noticed, indicating that both of the samples contain abundant unknown microbial resources. Oil and gas microbial diversity in the Yuqi area was obtained through high-throughput sequencing. The two groups of samples from YQ-y and YQ-wz areas have similar microbial community. Preliminary discussion on microbial anomaly in the eastern part of Yuqi was also carried out.

国家自然科学基金项目“近地表轻烃来源判识模型及其油气勘探应用基础研究” 41872126

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202204613