烃源岩生排烃模拟实验技术现状、应用与发展方向

Experimental development and application of source rock thermal simulation for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion

何川 郑伦举 王强 马中良 马健飞

HE Chuan ZHENG Lunju WANG Qiang MA Zhongliang MA Jianfei

中国石化 油气成藏重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214126 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214126

SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

烃源岩生排烃模拟实验已成为研究烃源岩生、排、滞油气机理的重要技术手段。对生排烃模拟实验技术的研究现状及发展趋势进行了归纳与总结。目前根据反应体系的开放程度，生排烃模拟实验方法可分为开放体系、封闭体系和限制体系3类；模拟实验的方式主要有单温阶累计生排油气模拟和多温阶连续生排油气模拟2种；实验边界条件主要有模拟的温度、压力体系、时间、样品形态及无机反应介质等5类。生排烃模拟实验在明确油气生、排、滞过程及其主控因素，建立不同类型沉积有机质的油气演化模式，评价沉积盆地的油气资源潜力和进行油气源对比与示踪等方面起到了重要的作用。目前的生排烃模拟实验具有局限性，需要在实验边界条件、源-储-藏协同成烃成藏物理模拟和多因素共控作用下油气形成动力学模拟方面进行更深入的研究。

Simulation experiment was one of the most valuable methods for the study of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and retention in source rocks. It was summarized in this paper that the progressing status and development significations of thermal simulation experiments. According to the open degree of reaction system, the experimental methods can be classified to three types, including open, closed and restricted systems. Cumulative generation and expulsion of oil and gas at a single temperature step and continuous generation and expulsion of oil and gas in multiple temperature steps were introduced. The main constrains included simulation temperature, pressure, time duration, sample morphology and inorganic reaction medium. The simulation experiments of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion have played an important role in clarifying the processes of oil and gas generation, expulsion and retention and their major controlling factors, establishing oil and gas evolution models of different types of sedimentary organic matter, evaluating the oil and gas resource potential of sedimentary basins, and performing oil and gas source comparison and correlation. The current hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experiments have some limitations, and researches are needed in terms of experimental boundary conditions, physical simulation of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation of source-reservoir synergy, and dynamic calculation of hydrocarbon generation with various constrains.

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金 U19B6003;国家自然科学基金 42072156

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202105862