石油双机耦合成因假说与意义

Hypothesis of organic-inorganic coupling causes for petroleum generation and its significance

罗群 贾春 欧光习 梁光河 刘银河 曾普胜 陈佳宇 崔倩

LUO Qun JIA Chun OU Guangxi LIANG Guanghe LIU Yinhe ZENG Pusheng CHEN Jiayu CUI Qian

中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249 四川省地质矿产勘查开发局一〇九地质队, 成都 610100 核工业北京地质研究院, 北京 100020 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100020 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083 中国地质科学院, 北京 100032

China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China 109 Geological Team, Sichuan Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Chengdu, Sichuan 610100, China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100020, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100020, China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100032, China

明确油气的成因及其分布具有重要的理论与现实意义。针对目前石油成因研究中的关键科学问题，以全球构造学、石油地质学的一般原理为指导，对各种石油成因假说进行梳理、融合和集成创新，形成了石油的双机（有机—无机）耦合成因假说框架。其主要观点是，石油（或天然气）是一种多成因的可再生资源，储量巨大。石油的形成与分布是盆地与地幔隆起、深部流体与浅部流体、有机生烃机制与无机生烃机制、深大断裂与封盖条件4对成烃成藏要素相互耦合的结果。双机耦合程度越好，油气越丰富。盆地及其基底以下区域是耦合程度最好的领域，其次是盆地周边区域封盖条件较好的深大断裂发育区；深大断裂与封盖条件的匹配是控制油气聚集的重要因素；长期、多期或近期活跃的深大断裂发育区封盖条件好的大型圈闭，是最可能取得重大勘探突破的区域。

It has important theoretical and practical significance to clarify the causes and distribution of oil and gas. This paper focused on the key scientific issues in the current petroleum genesis research, guided by the general principles of global tectonics and petroleum geology. Various petroleum genesis hypotheses have been sorted out, merged, integrated and innovated, thus a hypothesis framework of organic-inorganic coupling causes for petroleum was introduced. The main factors are that oil (including natural gas) is a renewable resource with multiple origins and has huge reserves. The formation and distribution of petroleum is the result of the coupling of four pairs of hydrocarbon-forming factors, including basin and mantle uplift, deep and shallow fluids, organic and inorganic hydrocarbon generation mechanisms, deep faults and sealing conditions. The higher degree of organic-inorganic cause coupling indicates the richer the oil and gas. The basin and the area below its basement are the locations with the best degree of coupling, followed by the deep and large fault development areas with good sealing conditions in the surrounding areas of the basin. The matching of deep and large faults with sealing conditions is an important factor constraining hydrocarbon accumulation. Large-scale traps with good sealing conditions in long-term, multi-period or recent active deep and large fault development areas are the most favorable targets for major exploration successes.

国家自然科学基金项目 41672118;国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05035-002;中国石油大学（北京）—中国石油战略合作科技专项 ZLZX2020-01-06

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202103487