陆相页岩形成演化与页岩油富集机理研究进展

Advances in the basic study of lacustrine shale evolution and shale oil accumulation

黎茂稳 金之钧 董明哲 马晓潇 李志明 蒋启贵 鲍云杰 陶国亮 钱门辉 刘鹏 曹婷婷

LI Maowen JIN Zhijun DONG Mingzhe MA Xiaoxiao LI Zhiming JIANG Qigui BAO Yunjie TAO Guoliang QIAN Menhui LIU Peng CAO Tingting

页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214126 中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083 中国石油大学(华东), 山东 青岛 266580

State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China China University of Petroleum(Huadong), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China

在综述国内外研究进展的基础上，探讨了进一步深化陆相页岩油形成演化与富集机理研究需要解决的基础科学问题。细粒沉积学研究表明，全球气候变化和盆地构造演化对富有机质页岩形成分布具有重要的控制作用。混合细粒沉积物非均质性强，不同粒序沉积岩多尺度一体化研究是构建陆相页岩油储层发育模式的关键环节。湖相泥页岩孔缝结构表征技术发展迅速，但成岩过程动态研究不能满足页岩油有效储层预测的要求。陆相页岩热演化过程中生排烃和页岩油赋存机理逐渐清晰，不同构造和沉积背景控制下的页岩油资源分类评价方法还有待完善。陆相富有机质页岩中烃类流体多相多尺度流动机理研究取得重要进展，迫切需要明确不同页岩微相中烃类的流动方式和时间尺度效应。陆相页岩油富集机理研究远远滞后于生产实践，建立适合不同地质条件的陆相页岩油选区评价参数、甜点预测方法和实验技术标准刻不容缓。

This manuscript provides a review of the recent advances in the study of fundamental processes and geological drivers involved in the lacustrine shale deposition, burial diagenesis, thermal maturation and in-situ oil accumulation, aimed at identifying key problem areas for future study. A survey of relevant literature on the sedimentology of fine-grained sediments reveals that paleoclimate changes on the global scale and tectonic evolution on the basinal scale have played a significant role in the formation of organic rich shales. Due to the strong heterogeneity in the mixed deposition of fine-grained sediments in the lacustrine setting, multiscale integration of different grain sequence sedimentary rocks is vital in the modeling of the lacustrine shale oil reservoirs. Techniques and methodologies are generally mature for characterizing and describing micropores and microfractures at various scales in the lacustrine shales. However, the current understanding of the dynamic processes in the shale diagenesis is incompatible with the high demand for predicting the key shale attributes as an effective shale oil reservoir. The processes involved in the thermal maturation, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, as well as the physical status of oils in a shale, are generally well understood. The next logic step would be the application of these knowledges to tailor our methodologies for the classification and evaluation of shale oil resources in different tectonostratigraphic settings. While progresses have been made fairly recently in the physical constraints of the multi-phase and multiscale non-Darcy flows in the lacustrine shale, it is highly desirable to gain a better understanding of the likely modes, as well as associated temporal and spatial consequences, of hydrocarbon flows across different shale lithofacies. As the basic study of shale oil accumulation mechanisms has lagged behind the industry drilling activity, it is necessary to expedite the basic study in order to develop suitable protocols, parameters and laboratory tools for core area and "sweet-spots" delineation in a lacustrine shale play.

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05049;国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） 2014CB239100

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz202004489