波斯湾盆地演化与超大型油气田形成

Evolution of Persian Gulf Basin and formation of super-large oil and gas fields

李运振 张鑫 信石印 柳万春

LI Yunzhen ZHANG Xin XIN Shiyin LIU Wanchun

1. 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028; 2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司, 北京 100027

1. Research Institute of CNOOC, Beijing 100028, China; 2. CNOOC, Beijing 100027, China

波斯湾盆地拥有数量众多的超大型油气田，其形成与盆地演化密切相关。盆地主体受控于基底拼合及特提斯洋的开启与关闭，总体经历裂谷-漂移-碰撞3期构造演化阶段，形成3种盆地类型，即基底拼合裂谷、被动大陆边缘与前陆盆地。各演化阶段分别对油气的生成、运移与聚集起到不同的控制作用。裂谷阶段的演化控制了现今一系列大型构造及盐拱圈闭的雏形；漂移阶段的演化控制了主力烃源岩与中古生界储盖组合的形成；碰撞阶段的演化对圈闭的定型及油气二次分配有重要影响。通过3期特殊的构造演化历史，波斯湾盆地形成了十分优越的石油地质条件，各成藏要素之间具备良好的匹配关系，从而形成了数量众多且分布集中的超大型油气田。

The Persian Gulf Basin has a large number of super-large oil and gas fields, and their formation is closely related to the evolution characteristics of the basin. The basin is controlled by basement rifting and the opening and closing of the Tethys Ocean.The tectonic evolution has undergone three stages of rift, drift and collision, eventually forming the basement rift, the passive continental margin and the foreland basin. Each evolution stage has different controlling functions on the generation, migration and accumulation of oil and gas. The evolution of the rift stage controls the prototype of a series of large structures and salt domes. The evolution of the drift stage controls the formation of the main source rocks and the Mesozoic-Paleozoic reservoir-seal assemblages. The evolution of the collision stage has an important influence on the definition of traps and the secondary distribution of oil and gas. Through three stages of special tectonic evolution, the Persian Gulf Basin has formed very superior petroleum geological conditions, and there is a good matching relationship among various reservoir-forming factors, resulting in a large number of super-large oil and gas fields with concentrated distribution.

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz201904548