“大埋深、高压力”条件下塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探前景

Prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas in the “deep burial and high pressure” Tarim Basin

顾忆 万旸璐 黄继文 庄新兵 王斌 李淼

GU Yi WAN Yanglu HUANG Jiwen ZHUANG Xinbing WANG Bin LI Miao

中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

随着塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探技术日益完善，烃源岩在高压力下的热演化已成为超深层油气资源评价及成烃理论研究的焦点。通过对国内外温压控制下烃源岩生烃模拟实验和成果的研究，结合塔里木盆地顺托果勒低隆"大埋深、高压力"的地质条件，探讨了塔里木盆地海相烃源岩高压生烃演化抑制模式。顺托果勒低隆寒武系烃源岩在燕山期以来仍具有形成高成熟液态烃的地质条件，其热演化受抑制的边界条件为：①构造长期稳定的封闭体系；②烃源岩埋深大于6 500 m，流体压力长时间持续大于60 MPa，晚期低地温场背景（地温梯度小于2.0℃/hm）；③烃源岩母质类型为Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型。塔里木盆地超深层寒武系海相烃源岩以Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型干酪根为主，在高压条件下抑制程度更明显，其生油窗范围及潜力远高于传统的理论计算值，因此超深层油气勘探潜力巨大。

Ultra-deep oil and gas exploration technology is developing, and the thermal evolution of source rocks under high pressure in the Tarim Basin has become the focus of ultra-deep oil and gas resource evaluation and hydrocarbon generation theory research. Simulated hydrocarbon generation from source rocks under high temperature and pressure, combined with the geological conditions of “deep burial and high pressure” of the Shuntuoguole Uplift in the Tarim Basin, a study was carried out on the hydrocarbon generation, evolution and retardation under high pressure of marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin. Ever since the Yanshan period, the Cambrian source rocks still have geological conditions for generating high-maturity liquid hydrocarbon in the Shuntuoguole Uplift. The boundary conditions for thermal evolution retardation include: ①Long-term stable closed system; ②Source rocks deeper than 6 500 m with the fluid pressure above 60 MPa, and a low temperature with a gradient less than 20 ℃/km in the later period; ③Marine source rocks with type I and type Ⅱ1 kerogen. The ultra-deep Cambrian marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin are mainly type I and type Ⅱ1 kerogen, and the degree of inhibition is more obvious under high pressure. The scope and potential of the oil generation window are much higher than the traditional theoretical value. Therefore, the prospect for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration is considerable.

中国石化科技部项目"海相烃源岩发育特征与油气成藏过程研究"（P16090）资助。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz201902157