超深层油气藏石油地质特征及其成藏主控因素分析

Petoleum geology features and accumulation controls for ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs

黄娟 叶德燎 韩彧

Huang Juan Ye Deliao Han Yu

中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏 无锡 214126

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China

由于区域地质背景的不同，根据前人的研究成果，确定了超深层油气藏为大于6km的埋深。对超深层油气藏的烃源岩、储集层、盖层和圈闭等的研究发现：与一般烃源岩相比，超深层油气藏的烃源岩成熟期晚、成熟度较高，生烃作用除了受温度和时间的控制外，还受压力作用的影响，超压对有机质热演化和生烃过程有着强烈的抑制作用；储集层主要以次生孔隙为主，年代偏老，储集层岩性中，碳酸盐岩所占比例达33%；盖层主要为盐岩、泥质岩；圈闭类型主要为构造圈闭、岩性圈闭、礁和复合圈闭。超深层油气藏主要受地层异常压力分布和温度等因素的控制。对我国超深层油气藏的勘探，可集中于地温梯度较小的地区、超高压体系内的次生孔隙和裂缝发育带、深层海相碳酸盐岩区、盐下地层和东部海域的深水区等。

According to previous studies and specific geological settings of different regions, ultra-deep reservoirs have been defined as being 6 km. Petroleum geology studies of ultra-deep reservoirs have been made, including considerations of source rock, reservoir, cap rock and trap. Compared to conventional source rocks, the source rocks in ultra-deep reservoirs entered the mature stage later and have a higher maturity. Hydrocarbon generation was controlled by temperature, time and pressure. Overpressure strongly restricted the thermal evolution of orga-nic matter and hydrocarbon generation. Secondary pores with an older age worked as the main reservoir space. Carbonate rocks account for 33% of reservoir. Cap rocks are dominated by evaporites and mudrocks. The major traps are structural, lithological, reef and combination traps. The formation of ultra-deep reservoirs was controlled by abnormal pressure and temperature. It is suggested that ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in China should focus on the areas with lower geothermal gradients, stratigraphic intervals with secondary porosity and well-developed overpressures, deeply-buried carbonate rocks, sub-salt sequences and East China's deep offshore areas.

中国石化前瞻性研究项目（G5800-13-25-KJB024-4）。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz201605635