计转站外输埋地管线风险评价及预防措施——以西北某油田S区AZ1计转站外输管线为例

Risk evaluation and preventive measure of buried outer pipelines in transfer station: A case study of AZ1 transfer station, area S, northwestern China

杨鹏 安永福 陈阳

Yang Peng An Yongfu Chen Yang

中国石化 西北油田分公司 采油一厂, 新疆 轮台 841604 2. 中国石化 西北石油局, 乌鲁木齐 830011 3. 西南石油大学 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610500 4. 俄罗斯乌法国立石油大学, 俄罗斯 乌法 450006 5. 西南石油大学 石油与天然气工程学院, 成都 610500

No. 1 Oil Production Plant, SINOPEC Northwest Company, Luntai, Xinjiang 841604, China 2. Northwest Petroleum Bureau of SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China 4. Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Ufa 450062, Russia 5. College of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China

原油从井口采出后，依靠自身压力经过埋地管线运输到计转站进行加热、脱水、增压后，再压送至联合站做进一步的脱硫、脱水、油气水三相分离等复杂的技术处理，最终进入长输管线外输。考虑到原油输送至联合站在整个工艺流程上的复杂性和输送介质具有火灾爆炸的危险性，不仅需要对联合站集输工艺流程进行提前风险预警，还需要对从井口至联合站的埋地管线进行风险预警。由于原油集中在联合站处理，从井口至联合站间的埋地管线输送的是未处理的原油，这部分管线更容易发生腐蚀开裂，所以更有必要对计转站的外输管线进行风险评价，将危险控制在可控范围内，并针对局部危险管道进行防范处理。以西北某油田S区AZ1计转站外输管线为例，收集3年来该管线发生穿孔事故的原因并进行统计，基于故障树（FTA）对管线的正常运行、运行的风险以及发生穿孔事故的因素进行分析，总结规律并采取防控对策。

Crude oils went through buried pipelines by their original pressure to transfer stations after pumping out from wells. They were heated, dried and pressured, and then transported to oil-gas united stations for further complicated processing such as desulfuration, dehydration and oil-gas-water separation, and finally sent outside through long-distance pipelines. In consideration of the complexity of technological process and the dangerousness of transmission medium, an early-warning system of risks is required not only for the process of gathering and transportation, but also for the buried pipelines between wells and oil-gas united stations. Since crude oils are untreated until transporting to united stations, the buried pipelines between wells and united stations are easily to be corroded and crack. Therefore, a risk evaluation and preventive measure of buried outer pipelines are really needed. A case study was made in AZ1 transfer station, S area in an oilfield in northwestern China. We collected and counted all corrosion reasons for three years, and studied normal operations, operation risks and corrosion causes using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). An early-warning system of risks and some preventive measures were provided.

博士后科学基金（2012M511941）。

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz2016S1153