滨里海盆地构造演化对油气的控制作用

Controlling of tectonic evolution on hydrocarbon occurrence in PreCaspian Basin

梁爽 王燕琨 金树堂 王震 郑俊章

Liang Shuang Wang Yankun Jin Shutang Wang Zhen Zheng Junzhang

中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083 2. 中油阿克纠宾油气股份公司, 哈萨克斯坦 阿克纠宾 030000

PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China 2. Aktyubin Oil/Gas Ltd, CNPC, Aktyubin 030000, Kazakstan

滨里海盆地位于东欧地台的东南边缘,是中亚最富的含油气盆地之一。结合其所处中亚地区的演化,将滨里海盆地的构造演化划分为裂谷、被动大陆边缘、碰撞、坳陷4个演化阶段。在此基础上分别探讨了滨里海盆地构造演化与烃源岩、储盖层、圈闭及其油气运聚之间的关系,认为构造演化对油气藏的形成起到了重要的控制作用。受构造作用影响,2套主力烃源岩发育的位置受当时盆地古构造形态的控制,主要沿盆地边缘、生物礁隆起附近分布,而碳酸盐岩台地上发育的优质储层是滨里海盆地最主要的储层。同时,构造作用也控制了盐下背斜、生物礁和盐上盐构造相关圈闭的发育,断层、不整合面为油气聚集提供了主要的运移通道。

The PreCaspian Basin, which is one of the richest oil and gas basins in central Asia, is located in the southeast of the East European platform. According to the development of central Asia areas, the tectonic evolution of the PreCaspian Basin has been divided into four stages including the rift, passive continental margin, convergence and depression. Based on the study of tectonic evolution, it is discussed in this paper the relationships between the evolution and the source rocks, reservoirs-seals, traps, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Tectonic evolution has played an important role in reservoir forming. Under the effection of tectonism, attributed to the paleotectonic form for this basin, the two sets of main source rocks developed along the edge of the basin and nearby the bioherm uplift, while the main high-quality reservoirs in the Caspian Basin distributed on the carbonate platform. Meanwhile, the subsalt anticlines, bioherm traps and the development of salt tectonic traps are controlled by tectonism. Besides, fault and unconformity offered the main migration pathways for oil and gas.

国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05029-002)资助

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz201302174