对残余油进行生物气化以延长油田开发寿命

MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF RESIDUAL OIL TO METHANE EXTENDED PERIOD OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTION

黄海平 Steve Larter

Huang Haiping Steve Larter

中国地质大学(北京)能源学院, 北京, 100083 2. 卡尔加里大学, 地球科学系, 加拿大, 阿尔伯特, T2N1N4

School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2. Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada

在2次或3次采油之后,油藏中仍有大量原油残留下来,利用生物技术把这些目前看来没有经济价值的残余油转化成天然气,有可能成为延长油田开采寿命的一个新路径。大量实验资料和现场观察表明,微生物能够把残余油转化为生物甲烷。在这个体系中除能检测到活的生物体存在外,天然气中甲烷同位素变轻、二氧化碳同位素增重、湿气被生物降解、地层水中溶解无机碳同位素重、原油组成在油柱上呈梯度变化等都能指示生物甲烷形成过程的存在。刺激生物气形成的方法包括增加反应物中氢的含量,注入含氮、磷、钾的各种化合物以增加微生物所需养分,根据地质、地球化学及微生物学分析调整微生物生存环境以及清除微生物代谢中间产物等。由于不同地区的地质、水化学及微生物存在巨大差异,刺激微生物活性的方式可能各不相同。

After secondary or even tertiary recovery,a significant portion of petroleum remains in the reservoir.A novel approach to this problem is the bioconversion of hydrocarbons entrained in marginally producing fields and/or depleted reservoirs to methane.Data from numerous laboratory experiments and filed observations show that residual oil could be transformed to biogenic methane by an anaerobic consortium.This suggests the possibility of new methane generation from existing residual oil deposits in-situ and in real time to form a renewable source of natural gas.Other than viable methanogenic microbes present in the system,various evidences of methanogenesis can be derived from light isotopic methane,heavy isotopic carbon dioxide and heavy isotopic inorganic dissolved carbon,biodegraded wet gas and compositional gradients within oil column.Methods of stimulating secondary biogenic methane generation involve the introduction of hydrogen and nutrients,including nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium compounds,into reservoirs,modification of the formation environment based on geological and geochemical analysis and removal of intermediate metabolite products.The varied geology,aqueous che-mistry and microbiology of different production sites will most likely demand site-specific strategies.

国家自然科学基金(40973034);长江学者及创新团队发展资助计划(IRT0864;IRT0546)共同资助

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz201005496