油气地球化学的若干展望

PROSPECTION OF PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY

张义纲

Zhang Yigang

中国石化, 石油勘探开发研究院, 无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏, 无锡, 214151

Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China

回顾了近年来成烃和成藏地球化学的一些进展,包括:生物标记化合物、正构烷和异构烷的碳数分布、碳同位素分布等生源识别技术;烃源岩是煤层还是煤系泥岩、是碳酸盐岩还是碳酸盐岩层系中的泥岩、琥珀在中东油田中的出现及其意义;应用多组分荧光变化技术和芳烃环数分布技术识别有机质成熟度;应用加氢催化热解方法提取沥青和焦沥青中的生源信息;在封闭系统中的深部地层成烃条件;中国元古界、特别是鄂尔多斯盆地元古界的成烃远景;成烃热模拟实验技术的新思路;判断油气运移聚集的时间及其温度压力条件的技术;未熟低熟油可能先运移后成油的机制;油气运移聚集的模拟实验研究;油气运移的前移标记物和滞后标记物;以及地表地球化学勘探的难点技术,即提高信噪比和复原被扭曲投影的技术。

It is reviewed in this article the progress of petroleum geochemistry in hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation,including: discerning technology of hydrocarbon precursors using biomarkers and carbon number distribution of alkanes,as well as the isotopic composition of alkanes;whether source rock is coal bed or mudstone in coal sequence,carbonate or mudstone in carbonate sequence;significance of amber in the Middle East oil fields;determination of maturity with FAMM technology and ring number distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons;catalytic hydrocracking technology of asphaltene and pyrobitumen for discerning their precursors;oil preservation in deep buried horizons within closed system;Proterozoic petroleum prospect in China,especially in the Ordos Basin;new idea for thermal simulation experiment of hydrocarbon generation;determination of time,temperature and pressure circumstance of petroleum migration and accumulation;possible mechanism of migration and accumulation of immature oils;simulation experiment of petroleum migration and accumulation;moving-ahead markers and lagging-behind markers for petroleum migration;and at last difficulties of petroleum geochemistry exploration on earth surface,i.e.the technology for enhancing signal versus noise ratio and reconstructing heavily tortured surface projection.

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz200505484