中国海相残留盆地油气成藏系统特征

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROCARBON POOL-FORMING SYSTEMS IN THE MARINE RESIDUAL BASINS OF CHINA

周荔青 张淮

ZHOU Li-qing ZHANG Huai

西北大学 地质系, 陕西 西安 710069 2. 中国石化 华东石油局, 江苏 南京 210011

Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China 2. East China Burean of Petroleum, SINOPEC, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China

该文从鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、塔里木盆地、渤海湾盆地、中下扬子地区、滇黔桂地区等海相残留盆地的油气成藏系统特征研究出发,总结出中国主要海相残留盆地油气成藏系统的诸要素与盆地所处的大地构造位置及所经历的构造演化历史密切相关。这些盆地具有以下特征:a)原型盆地的构造沉降作用控制主力烃源岩的类型与分布;b)受原型盆地构造演化旋回控制形成3类有效生储盖组合;c)后期构造作用控制残留盆地晚期生烃中心;d)加里东期、海西期、印支期形成的继承性大型古隆起是主要油气运移指向区;e)古生界生烃区的生烃高峰期与圈闭形成期必须形成有机的配置;f)后期构造改造适中,既要有适当挤压隆升,形成必要的储集空间、圈闭和运移动力,使油气富集,又要不破坏油气藏;g)在经历后期构造改造后,盆地的晚期生烃及晚期油气运移受改造后的构造格局控制。

Starting with the pool forming system characteristics research of hydrocarbon in the Ordos Basin,the Sichuan Basin,the Tarim Basin,the Bohaiwan Basin,Middle Lower Yangtze area,Dian Qian Gui area and other marine residual basins,it was concluded that the essential factors of hydrocarbon pool forming systems in the major marine residual basins of China were closely related to the geotectonic location of the basins and the tectonic evolutionary history the basins experienced.These basins hare characteristics as follow.a)The tectonic subsidence of prototype basins controlled the types and distribution of principal hydrocarbon source rock.b)Controlled by the tectonic evolutionary cycles of prototype basins,three kinds of effective source rock reservoir cap rock assemblages were formed.c)The paulopost tectogenesis controlled the late stage hydrocarbon generating center of a residual basin.d)The large scale inherited paleo uplifts formed in the Caledonian,the Hercynian and the Indo Chinese periods were the main target areas of hydrocarbon migration.e)The hydrocarbon generating peak periods of the Paleozoic hydrocarbon generating areas must organically match with the trap forming periods.f)The paulopost tectonic reconstruction must be moderate.Not only appropriate compressive uplifting was needed,which formed necessary storage spaces,traps and migration power and resulted in the enrichment of hydrocarbon,but also oil and gas pools did not be disrupted.g)After the paulopost tectonic reconstruction had been experinced,the late stage hydrocarbon generation and migration of basins were controlled by the tectonic patterns after reconstruction.

https://doi.org/10.11781/sysydz200206483