摘要
中、新生代亚洲大陆发育了一系列裂谷系,中国东部的华夏裂谷系、汾渭裂谷系等都有其独特的表现。裂谷型盆地作为重要的含油气盆地类型,如北海盆地、西西伯利亚盆地以及我国的松辽、渤海湾等盆地已日益显示出具有广阔的含油气远景。裂谷和裂谷盆地的形成与演化是地球内部物质物态变化引起的垂向运动和地壳本身水平运动双重作用的结果。而裂谷盆地的构造、沉积和火山活动等则是这种结果的主要表现。
Abstract
The main rift systems developed in Eastern China are Huaxia rift system, Fengwei rift system and Taidong rift system et al. Take Huaxia rift system as a typical example of continental rift evolution, which can be devided into four stages: dome and fracture stage, Spreading stage, rigional depression and depauperization stage, along with the evolution of rift valley there were mainly five types of structures: horst and graben fault (or basin and range structure); antithetic tilted fault block; symthetic tilted fault-block) step slip fault. Generally,the types of rift valleys are related to taphrogemic movement and orogeny, e.g. (1)impactogenic rift (Fengwei rift system) is related to arch trace) (2) convergent marginal rift (Taidong rift system) is related to oblique convergeny (3) continental fracturing rift (Huaxia rift system) is related to tensional shear fracture. Thus, the development of eastern rift system was controlled by the combination of taphrogeny,orageny, shearing, and gravitivity, while basal slip might be the dynamic force that caused the extension of rift valley. Rift valley basin is among the type of basin that has very promising prospect.
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