石油污染土壤处理新技术——植物型微生物燃料电池的适用性

Applicability of New Technology for Treatment of Oil Contaminated Soil ——Plant-based Microbial Fuel Cell

高 洁 唐善法 郭海莹 程远鹏 潘 遥 孟文玉 李晓煜 胡 浩

GAO Jie TANG Shanfa GUO Haiying CHENG Yuanpeng PAN Yao MENG Wenyu LI Xiaoyu HU Hao

石油在炼制、储运和使用过程中对土壤造成污染，处理难度高。针对这一问题，以受石油污染的土壤为阳 极底泥，构筑植物型微生物燃料电池（PMFC）。通过检测输出电压、功率密度、表观内阻和石油去除率，对电池植 物和电极材料进行优选，并用优化后的PMFC探究其适用性和石油含量的范围。结果表明，绿萝在PMFC的厌 氧环境中不能成活，而白鹤芋-PMFC的产电性能和降解性能均优于香菇草-PMFC；碳毡-PMFC的产电性能和降 解性能较碳海绵-PMFC有明显的提升。以白鹤芋为电池植物、碳毡为电极材料的PMFC适用于石油含量为1～ 15 g/kg的污染土壤，并且随着石油含量的增加，PMFC的产电性能和降解性能均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，最 佳石油含量适用范围为5～10 g/kg。PMFC技术为石油污染土壤处理提供了一种新的思路，能在有效处理土壤 污染问题的同时发电，实现双赢。

Petroleum contaminates soil during refining，storage，transportation and using. Furthermore，it is difficult to treat. Aiming at this problem，a plant microbial fuel cell（PMFC）was constructed using petroleum-contaminated soil as the anode substrate. The output voltage，power density，apparent internal resistance and petroleum removal rate were examined to optimize the cell plants and electrode materials. The applicability and range of petroleum content were explored with the optimized PMFC. The results showed that Epipremnum aureum could not survive in the anaerobic environment of PMFC，while the power production performance and degradation performance of Spathiphyllum kochii-PMFC were better than that of Hydrocotyle vulgaris-PMFC. The power production performance and degradation performance of carbon felt-PMFC were significantly improved than that of carbon sponge-PMFC. The PMFC with the cell plant of Spathiphyllum kochii and the electrode material of carbon felt was suitable for the contaminated soil with the petroleum content of 1—15 g/kg. With the increase of petroleum content，the electricity production performance and degradation performance of PMFC showed the trend of increasing and then decreasing. The best petroleum content range was 5—10 g/kg. PMFC technology provided a new idea for the treatment of petroleum contaminated soil. It could effectively deal with soil contamination and generate electricity at the same time，achieving a win-win situation.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2023.02.025