低酸高酚原油的分子组成与界面活性关系分析

Molecular Composition and Interfacial Activity of Low Acid High Phenol Crude Oil

张波 刘哲宇 徐春明 谭晓琼 林远平 李宜强 史权 冯甜甜 李艳琦

ZHANG Bo LIU Zheyu XU Chunming TAN Xiaoqiong LIN Yuanping LI Yiqiang SHI Quan FENG Tiantian LI Yanqi

针对低酸高酚原油自发形成油包水乳状液的现象，通过柱层析法对原油进行组分分离，利用红外光谱 （FT-IR）和静电场轨道阱质谱（Orbitrap MS）进行分子组成分析和定量表征，并根据原油组成，系统研究原油组分 与重烷基苯磺酸盐、NaCl 和NaHCO3溶液之间的界面活性。研究表明：低酸高酚原油中酚类化合物含量较高，胶 质中的链式脂肪酸是原油的关键活性组分，石油酸脱除后油水界面张力显著上升。在碱性水体中，各酸性组分 均可以降低界面张力；而在其他水体中，酚类化合物界面活性低，只有极性较强的羧酸类化合物能降低界面张 力。

Aimed at the spontaneous oil-in-water emulsified phenomenon in low acid high phenol crude oil，the components of the crude oil separated by column chromatography method were analyzed and characterized quantitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Then according to the molecular characterization of crude oil，interfacial activity between crude oil components and heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate，NaCl and NaHCO3 solution was determined and discussed， respectively. Results showed that the relative content of phenols was higher and chain fatty acids in resins were important components in low acid high phenolic crude oil. The oil-solution interfacial tension increased significantly after the removal of petroleum acids. Phenols which had larger relative content than acids in crude oil could promote emulsification. For alkaline solution，phenols，naphthenic acids and chain fatty acids could reduce interfacial tension. However，the interfacial activity between phenols and other solution was lower. Only chain fatty acids could reduce interfacial tension.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2023.01.012