生物表面活性剂稳定的纳米铁溶胶的制备与破乳性能评价

Preparation and Demulsification Performance Evaluation of Nano Iron Sol Stabilized by Biosurfactant

邹静 胡语婕 佘跃惠 张凡 黄培秀 曲瑞雪 王正良

ZOU Jing HU Yujie SHE Yuehui ZHANG Fan HUANG Peixiu QU Ruixue WANG Zhengliang

针对油田污水破乳过程中物理和化学破乳剂昂贵和污染的问题，宜研究合成绿色环保的新型破乳剂。将 产糖脂类生物表面活性剂T菌株微生物在培养基中好氧培养6 d，取发酵离心上清液与水混合，分别制得不同体 积比的离心上清液。以上清液作为溶剂，采用溶胶-凝胶与溶剂热法相结合的方法制备生物表面活性剂（BS）稳 定的纳米铁溶胶。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱分析仪、激光粒度仪、Zeta 电位仪等对BS稳定的纳米 铁溶胶进行了表征，研究影响其形貌、尺寸、物相、官能团、溶胶稳定性和粒径分布等的因素。考察了合成的纳米 铁溶胶对涠洲岛上岸油水混合物配制的含油污水乳液的破乳性能。结果表明，当上清液体积分数为80%和 100%时，可分别合成200 nm左右和40～200 nm粒径的铁颗粒。20%上清液作溶剂时制备的铁溶胶的Zeta 电位 电负性最强，胶体稳定性最高。当上清液体积分数为60%时，纳米铁溶胶产物的破乳效果最优，低温下能对十二 烷基硫酸钠形成的水包油乳液产生良好的破乳效果，静置24 h 后的脱水率达到78%，对南海终端现场污水的破 乳效果明显。建议今后将生物代谢物与化学药剂有机结合，制备对环境友好的复合纳米破乳剂，同时研究其重 复使用等问题。

Aiming at the problems of expensiveness and pollution of physical and chemical demulsifiers in the process of oilfield sewage demulsification，it is advisable to study and synthesize green and environmental friendly demulsifiers. Glycolipid biosurfactant-producing T strain microorganism was cultured aerobically in the medium for 6 d， then the fermentation centrifugation supernatant was mixed with water to prepare centrifugation supernatants with different volume ratios. The supernatant was used as a solvent. A biosurfactant（BS）-stabilized nano iron sol was prepared by a combination of sol-gel and solvothermal methods. The nano iron sol stabilized by BS was characterized by scanning electron microscopy，X-ray diffraction，infrared spectroscopy，laser particle size analyzer and Zeta potentiometer. The factors affecting its morphology，size，phase，functional group，sol stability and particle size distribution were studied. The demulsification performance of the nano iron sol on the oily sewage emulsion prepared by the oil-water mixture on Weizhou Island was investigated. The results showed that when the volume fraction of supernatant was 80% and 100%，the iron particles with a particle size of about 200 nm and 40—200 nm could be synthesized，respectively. The Zeta potential electronegativity of the iron sol prepared with 20% supernatant was the strongest. The colloidal stability was the highest. When the volume fraction of supernatant was 60%，the nano iron sol product had the best demulsification effect. It could produce a good demulsification effect on the oil-in-water emulsion formed by sodium dodecyl sulfate at low temperature. After standing for 24 h，the dehydration rate reached 78%. The demulsification effect on the sewage at the Nanhai terminal site was obvious. It was recommended to combine biological metabolite with chemical agent and prepare environmental friendly composite nano demulsifier，meanwhile，study their reuse and other issues in the future.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.04.022