酸化原油破乳脱水的影响因素与处理技术研究进展

Research Process of Influence Factors and Treatment Technology of Acidified Crude Oil Demulsification and Dehydration

吕晓方 杨尊 赵德银 柳扬 马千里 周诗岽 李恩田 董亮

LYU Xiaofang YANG Zun ZHAO Deyin LIU Yang MAQianli ZHOU Shidong LI Entian DONG Liang

为了探索酸化原油脱水困难的原因，通过回顾近几年开展的酸化原油脱水影响因素实验以及现有的酸化 原油脱水工艺，总结了pH值、温度、固体颗粒影响原油破乳的机理，归纳不同破乳脱水工艺的适用性。热化学沉 降法适合处理黏度、含水率不高的原油。超声波稠油破乳脱水的实际应用效果显著，可以作为热化学沉降工艺 的辅助破乳。水洗法可去除部分固体颗粒和酸化淤渣，适用于重力沉降前预处理。高频脉冲电脱水法对酸化 油、老化油脱水效果都较好，适用于精脱水处理。微波破乳仍处于研究阶段，需进一步研究破乳机理以及验证工 业实用效果。最后对未来原油破乳和脱水工艺的研究提出了建议。

In order to explore the reasons for the difficulty in the dehydration of acidified crude oil，through reviewing the experiments on the influence factors of acidified crude oil dehydration in recent years and the existing acidified crude oil dehydration technology，demulsification mechanism of crude oil affected by pH value，temperature and solid particles was summarized，the adaptability of the dehydration technology was concluded. The thermal chemical settlement method is suitable for treating crude oil with viscosity and low moisture content. The significant practical application effect of ultrasonic demulsification dehydration of thick oil shows that it can be used as an auxiliary of thermal chemical settlement process for demulsification. The water washing can remove some solid particles and acidified slag and is suitable for pre-treatment before gravity settlement. The high frequency pulse electrodesiccation is efficient in dehydration of acidified oil and aging oil，which is suitable for fine dehydration treatment. The microwave demulsification is still under research，thus the demulsification mechanism would be further studied and the industrial practical effect need to be verified. Suggestions for future research on demulsification and dehydration processes of crude oil are also provided.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.04.029