压驱用增注驱油剂的制备和性能评价

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Depressurization and Oil-displacing Agent in Low Permeability Reservoir

渠慧敏 尚岩 张广中 王海燕 韦良霞 戴群

QU Huimin，SHANG Yan，ZHANG Guangzhong，WANG Haiyan，WEI Liangxia，DAI Qun

低渗透油藏在水驱开发中存在地层能量不足和注水困难的问题。一方面注水压力高、欠注严重；另一方面 地层压降大、产能递减快，采油速度和采出程度低，水驱过后依然存在膜状或油滴状等多种形态的残余油。针对 上述问题，以环氧氯丙烷、十二烷基叔胺、甲硝唑等为原料制得甲硝唑不对称Gemini 型表面活性剂，将其与脱氢 松香型表面活性剂、鲸蜡醇、乙醇等复配制得功能型增注驱油剂。研究了功能型增注驱油剂的乳化能力、润湿 性、防膨性、降压增注及驱油效果等，并在渤南油田进行了现场应用。结果表明，该功能型增注驱油剂不仅可以 吸附在油水界面降低油水界面张力，还可以乳化原油、清除油膜，并且其中的阳离子组分以水为传递介质在岩石 表面形成分子膜，稳定黏土，改善岩石表面润湿性，降低注入压力、提高注水采收率。功能型增注驱油剂在较低 浓度时即有较好的防膨效果，其降压增注及驱油效果较好。在压驱现场试验中，注水井的注入能力和对应油井 的产油能力显著提高。

There are some problems in water drive development of low permeability reservoirs，such as insufficient formation energy and difficult water injection. On the one hand，the water injection pressure is high and the under injection is serious. On the other hand，the formation pressure drop is large，the production capacity decreases rapidly. The oil production rate and recovery degree are low. There are still various forms of residual oil such as film or oil drop after water flooding. Aiming at such problems， the asymmetric Gemini surfactant was prepared from epichlorohydrin，dodecyl dimethyl amine and metronidazole. It was compounded with dehydrogenated rosin surfactant，cetyl alcohol and ethanol to obtain a functional injection increasing oil displacement agent. The emulsifying ability，wettability，anti-swelling，depressurization，injection increase and oil displacement effect of the agent were studied. Then it was applied on Bonan oilfield. The results showed that the functional injection increasing displacement agent could not only adsorb on the oil-water interface and reduce the oil-water interfacial tension，but also emulsify crude oil and remove the oil film. The cationic component took water as the transfer medium to form a molecular film on rock surface，which could stabilize clay，improve the wettability of rock surface，reduce injection pressure and improve water injection recovery. The functional injection increasing displacement agent had good anti swelling effect，depressurization，injection increasing and oil displacement effect when its concentration was low. In the field test of pressure flooding，the injection capacity of water injection wells and the oil production capacity of corresponding oil wells were significantly improved.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.03.014