页岩油压裂采出液低温生物破乳剂的制备与性能评价

Development and Evaluation of Cryogenic Microbial Demulsification Using in Shale Oil Production Fracturing Fluid

宫兆波 胡楚霄 严 忠 武禹含 郭进周 李琴琴 夏文杰 李国强 马 挺

GONG Zhaobo HU Chuxiao YAN Zhong WU Yuhan GUO Jinzhou LI Qinqin XIA Wenjie LI Guoqiang MA Ting

为了减少常规油田化学剂对环境的污染，提高油田采出液破乳效率和降低成本，根据新疆玛东区块页岩油压裂采出液的复杂情况，在满足环境安全的基础上，利用瓶试法对10 种通过微生物发酵生成的生物破乳剂进行筛选评价，同时对菌发酵液和纯化提取物进行了破乳效果对比。研究了生物破乳剂和常规化学破乳剂的复配破乳效果，并对破乳工艺进行了优化。结果表明，由 XJ-4菌合成的生物破乳剂 XJ-4-2（糖脂类化合物）与玛东区块采出液有较好的配伍性，脱水率大于80%。在60 ℃、破乳时间为120 min 的条件下，XJ-4-2与化学聚醚类破乳剂复配体系对原油的脱水率约 95%。通过投加工艺的优化，在 50 ℃、加药量为 200 mg/L 的条件下，原油热化学沉降2 h后的脱水率增加，剩余原油含水率和污水含油量降低。生物破乳剂在低温下的脱水率高、污水含油率低，改善了玛东区块压裂采出液快速低温脱水的难题。

In order to meet the demand for demulsification and cost of oilfield chemicals in Xinjiang oilfields and reduce the environmental pollution，this article based on the environmental safety and the complex situation of shale oil fracturing produced fluids in Madong block of Xinjiang. Ten kinds of biodemulsifiers synthesized by microbial fermentation were screened and the evaluated by the bottle test method. The demulsification of the fermentation broth and the purified extract was compared. Meantime，the compound demulsification effect of biological demulsifier and conventional chemical demulsifier was studied，and then the process of demulsification was optimized. The results showed that the biodemulsifier XJ-4-2 synthesized by XJ-4 bacteria had good compatibility with the extracted fluid from Madong block. The dehydration rate was more than 80%. Under the condition of 60 ℃ and 120 min demulsification time，the dehydration rate of the compound system containing biological demulsifier XJ-4-2 and chemical polyether demulsifier reached near 95%. Under the condition of 50 ℃，200 mg/L dosage and 2 h thermochemical sedimentation，the water content of remaining crude oil and oil content of sewage were decreased. The biological demulsifier had high dehydration rate and low oil content in sewage at low temperature，which improved the problem of rapid low-temperature dehydration of shale oil fracturing produced fluids in Madong block.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.03.021