原油活性组分及相互作用对乳状液稳定性影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Active Components in Crude Oil and Interaction on Influence of Emulsion Stability

孙琳 任梓寒 石彦 武建明 蒲万芬 邹滨阳

SUN Lin REN Zihan SHI Yan WU Jianming PUWanfen ZOU Binyang

原油生产过程中，活性组分易使原油形成大量乳状液，主要包括沥青质、胶质、石油酸和蜡等。基于这些活性组分的组成与存在状态，阐述了各活性组分对乳状液稳定性的影响机制，重点剖析了各活性组分与沥青质间的相互作用及其对乳状液稳定性的影响。指出沥青质是构成界面膜的主要成分，适量的胶质能对沥青质起到协同乳化的作用。不同相对分子质量的石油酸与沥青质相互作用的结果也不同，蜡组分在结晶或与沥青质相互作用时能增强界面膜的强度。最后提出了目前存在的问题，并展望了发展趋势。

A large amount of emulsion is easily formed in the process of crude oil production due to the active components， including asphaltene，resin，petroleum acid and wax. Based on the composition and existing state of active components in crude oil，the influence mechanism of each active component on the stability of emulsion was described. The interaction between active components and asphaltene with their influence on emulsion stability was summarized. Among the active components of crude oil， asphaltene was the main component of interfacial film，and suitable resin with asphaltene could strengthen the emulsifying effect. The effects between carboxylic organic acids with different relative molecular mass and asphaltene were various，and the wax could enhance the strength of interfacial film when they crystallized or interacted with asphaltene. Meanwhile，current problems and future development directions were prospected.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2022.02.031