纳米淀粉粒子的高效制备及其对钻井液性能的影响*

Efficient Preparation of Nano Starch Particle and Its Effect on the Performance of Drilling Fluid

马 鹏 张 磊 聂育志 陈红壮 邱在磊 董国峰 张 顺

MA Peng ZHANG Lei NIE Yuzhi CHEN Hongzhuang QIU Zailei DONG Guofeng ZHANG Shun

为了高效率、低成本制备小尺寸的纳米淀粉颗粒，将超声处理与沉降法相结合，用50 g/L高浓度淀粉溶液 制备纳米淀粉颗粒，研究了纳米淀粉颗粒对钻井液相关性能的影响。结果表明，通过超声处理可以降低高浓度 淀粉溶液的黏度，再利用沉降法制备的纳米淀粉颗粒的粒度分布在10～100 nm，主要集中于30 nm左右。对比 原淀粉的A型结构，所形成的纳米淀粉颗粒为C型结构，其溶液在常温下能抗盐至20 g/L NaCl。随着基浆中纳 米淀粉颗粒加量的增大，钻井液的表观黏度、塑性黏度和动切力增加，滤失量降低。纳米淀粉颗粒可提高钻井液 的耐温性，含10 g/L纳米淀粉颗粒的钻井液在150 ℃下老化16 h后的滤失量仅为10.0 mL。即使老化时间增至 72 h，钻井液的流变性能变化也较小。超声处理与沉降法相结合的方法操作简易，形成的纳米淀粉颗粒钻井液添 加剂性能优异，成本相对低廉，易于推广应用。

In order to develop small-sized nano-starch particle with high efficiency and low cost，ultrasonic treatment and sedimentation method were combined to prepare nano-starch particle by using the starch solution with a high concentration of 50 g/ L. And the effect of nano-starch particle on the performance of drilling fluid was studied. The results showed that the viscosity of starch solution with high concentration could be reduced by ultrasonic treatment，and the particle size distribution of nano-starch particle prepared by sedimentation method was 10—100 nm，mainly around 30 nm. Compared with the A-type structure of native starch，the formed nano-starch particle had C-type structure，and its solution could resist salt to 20 g/L NaCl at room temperature. With increasing dosage of nano-starch particle in base mud，the apparent viscosity，plastic viscosity and dynamic shearing force of drilling fluid increased，and the filtration decreased. Nano-starch particle could improve the temperature resistance of drilling fluid. The filtration of drilling fluid with the concentration of 10 g/L nano-starch particle was only 10.0 mL after aging at 150 °C for 16 h. Even if the aging time was increased to 72 h，the rheological properties of drilling fluid had a little change. The method of combining ultrasonic treatment and sedimentation method was easy to be operated，and the formed nano-starch particle additive of drilling fluid had excellent performance with a relatively low cost，which was easy to be popularized and applied.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2021.04.002