小分子耐高温黏土稳定剂的制备与性能评价*

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Small Molecular Clay Stabilizer with High Temperature Resistance

申会兵 李媛媛 吴萍萍 张宏玉

SHEN Huibing，LI Yuanyuan，WU Pingping，ZHANG Hongyu

针对无机盐类黏土稳定剂耐水洗效果差、聚合物类高分子黏土稳定剂易吸附阻塞孔道且耐温性能差等问 题，采用三甲胺与γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷制备小分子耐高温黏土稳定剂（ZWS-1）。评价了ZWS-1的防膨性能和 耐温性能，考察了其与KCl的复配性能，并对其防膨机理进行了分析。结果表明，ZWS-1的最佳制备条件如下： 反应物料硅烷与三甲胺物质的量比为1∶1.1、合成温度为90 ℃、反应时间为40 h、碘化钾用量为5%。ZWS-1的耐 温性较好，最佳加量为1.5%。KCl可提高ZWS-1溶液的防膨率与耐水洗率。在150 ℃下，配方为1.5% ZWS-1+ 4% KCl的复配体系的黏土防膨率为98.3%、耐水洗率为91.4%。ZWS-1可以将黏土团聚为颗粒，增加黏土的稳定 性；ZWS-1与黏土矿物表面的羟基发生脱水缩合反应，与黏土表面形成化学键起到了稳定黏土的作用。

In view of the problems of poor water washing resistance of inorganic salt clay stabilizer，easy adsorption and blocking of pores and poor temperature resistance of polymer clay stabilizer，a small molecular clay stabilizer （ZWS-1） with high temperature resistance was synthesized by using trimethylamine and γ-chloropropyl triethoxysilane. The anti-swelling performance and temperature resistance of ZWS-1 were evaluated. The synergistic effect of ZWS-1 and KCl was investigated. And the anti-swelling mechanism of ZWS-1 was analyzed. The results showed that the optimum preparation condition of ZWS-1 was obtained as follows：1∶1.1 the molar ratio of silane to trimethylamine，90 ℃ synthesis temperature，40 h reaction time，and 5% potassium iodide. The temperature resistance of ZWS-1 was good and the optimum dosage of ZWS-1 was 1.5%. A synergistic effect was observed between 1.5% ZWS-1 and 4% KCl，whose anti-swelling rate was 98.3%，and the water washing resistance was 91.4% at 150 ℃. ZWS-1 leaded to the agglomeration of clay particles and increased the stability of clay. The chemical bonds were formed through the dehydration condensation reaction between ZWS-1 and hydroxyl groups on the surface of clay，which played a role in stabilizing clay.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2021.04.004