压裂用减阻剂及其减阻机理研究进展*

Research Progress of Drag Reducers for Fracturing and Its Drag Reduction Mechanism

司晓冬 罗明良 李明忠 贾晓涵 杨玉玲 战永平

SI Xiaodong，LUO Mingliang，LI Mingzhong，JIA Xiaohan，YANG Yuling，ZHAN Yongping

减阻剂是致密砂岩、页岩等非常规储层改造压裂液的关键添加剂，其性能直接影响压裂施工效果。通过介 绍聚合物类减阻剂、表面活性剂类减阻剂和多元减阻剂，分析比较了3种减阻剂的优缺点及研究进展，重点阐述 了减阻剂的减阻机理及减阻失效机理，归纳总结了纳米材料在压裂减阻中的应用研究进展。指出在高温、高剪 切、复杂介质等非常规储层压裂环境中，同时具有储层伤害小、携砂能力强、减阻稳定且高效、易返排、易回收利 用等优点的新型多功能复合减阻剂将是今后研究的重要方向。

Drag reducer is the key additive of fracturing fluid for unconventional reservoir reconstruction，such as tight sandstone and shale，and its performance will directly influence on the fracturing operation effect. Polymer drag reducer，surfactant drag reducer and multi-component drag reducer were introduced，and the advantages，disadvantages and research progress of the three drag reducers were analyzed. The turbulent drag reduction and drag reduction failure mechanism of drag reducer were emphatically described. The research progress of nanomaterial in fracturing drag reduction was summarized. This paper pointed out that in unconventional reservoir fracturing environment such as high temperature，high shear and complex medium，the new type of multi-functional composite drag reducer with the advantages of stability，high efficient drag reduction，low reservoir damage， strong sand carrying capacity，easy flowback and easy recycling would be an important research direction in future.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2021.04.027