石油降解菌的复配及降解效果评价*

Analysis of Compounding and Degradation of Petroleum Degrading Bacteria

李小康 鱼 涛 李 红 杜明明 屈撑囤

LI Xiaokang YU Tao LI Hong DU Mingming QU Chengtun

为了高效修复陕北定边油田附近的原油污染土壤，从当地含油污染土壤中筛选了5株原油降解菌，通过生 理生化实验及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定分离的降解菌种类，采用正交实验方法探究和建立高效的混合菌修复体 系并分析菌株的降解产物，选用表面活性剂Tween80刺激微生物进一步提高对石油的降解效率。研究表明，从 含油污染土壤中筛选的5株原油降解菌株分别为D-1纤维单胞菌、D-3黏质沙雷氏菌、C-2无色杆菌、D-5不动杆 菌和A-3铜绿假单胞菌。通过测定菌株在LB培养基和石油培养基中生长状态、GC-MS分析菌株降解石油的残 留组分，将筛选的 D-5、C-2、A-3 进行复配，各菌株对原油降解的影响效果 D-5>A-3>C-2，菌株最佳复配比 D-5∶C-2∶A-3=5∶1∶5。在温度35℃、pH 7.5、摇床转速180 r/min、菌液加量6%，Tween80含量为5 cmc的降解条件 下，混合菌群对原油的降解效果可以达到87.12%，有效促进原油污染土壤的高效修复。图12表6参29

In order to efficiently repair the crude oil-contaminated soil near the Dingbian oil field in northern Shaanxi，five strains of crude oil-degrading bacteria were selected from the local oil-contaminated soil，the isolated degrading-bacteria were analyzed through physiological and biochemical experiments and 16S rDNA sequence method. The orthogonal experiment method was used to explore and establish an efficient mixed bacteria repair system and analyze the degradation products of the strains. The surfactant Tween80 was used to stimulate the microorganisms to further improve the degradation efficiency of petroleum. The research showed that the strains were D-1 Cellulomonas，D-3 Serratia marcescens，C-2 Achromobacter，D-5 Acinetobacter，and A-3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By measuring the growth status of strains in LB medium and petroleum medium，analyzing the residual components of strains degrading petroleum，D-5，C-2，A-3 were screened out for compounding，and it was found that the effect of each strain on oil degradation was D-5> A-3> C-2 and the optimal dosage ratio of strain compounding of D-5 to C-2 to A-3 was 5∶1∶5. It was found that under the degradation conditions of temperature 35℃，pH 7.5，shaker speed 180 r/min，bacterial solution dosage 6%， and Tween80 content 5 cmc，the degradation effect of the mixed bacteria on crude oil could reach up to 87.12% ，effectively promoting the efficient repair of the crude oil-contaminated soil.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2020.02.022