分散剂对沥青质稳定性与稠油稳定性的改善效果*

Improvement Effect of Asphaltene Stability and Heavy Oil Stability by Dispersant Agent

王秋霞 赵 琳 张 华 张龙力 韩晓冬 姜翠玉

WANG Qiuxia ZHAO Lin ZHANG Hua ZHANG Longli HAN Xiaodong JIANG Cuiyu

为了更加客观、准确地评价分散剂对稠油稳定性的改善效果，研究了5种分散剂对孤岛稠油和馆陶稠油沥青质和稠油稳定性的改善效果，包括含磺酸基的阴离子型分散剂AA、斯盘系列分散剂NA1、油酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸。结果表明，分散剂对沥青质和稠油的稳定性均具有一定的改善效果，其中AA和NA1可明显降低沥青质的聚集程度，对沥青质的稳定分散作用最强；分散剂对沥青质稳定性的改善效果普遍优于对稠油整体稳定性的改善效果。分散剂对沥青质稳定性的改善效果随分散剂浓度增大而增大，沥青质完全裸露在体系中易与分散剂作用；分散剂对稠油整体稳定性的改善效果随分散剂加量增大先增大后降低，分散剂对稠油稳定性改善用量存在最佳值。沥青质稳定性的提高对于稠油整体稳定性的提高具有重要影响，但稠油稳定性的改善还受到胶质、芳香分和饱和分等的影响。图12表3参20

In order to evaluate the effect of dispersant on the stability of heavy oil accurately，the improvement effects of 5 kinds of dispersants on the stability of asphaltenes or heavy oils of Gudao and Guantao were studied. The dispersants included sulfonic acid anionic dispersant AA，Span series dispersant NA1，oleic acid，lauric acid and palmitic acid. The results showed that the dispersants had certain improvement effects on the stability of asphaltenes or heavy oils. Among them，AA and NA1 could significantly reduce the degree of asphaltene aggregation，and had the strongest stable dispersion effect on asphaltenes. The improvement effect on the asphaltene was generally better than that on the overall stability of the corresponding heavy oil. The improvement effect of dispersant on asphaltene stability increased with increasing concentration of dispersant. Asphaltene completely exposed in the system，and it was easy to interact with dispersant. The improvement effect of dispersant on the overall stability of heavy oil increased first and then decreased with increasing dosage of dispersant. There was an optimum value for the amount of dispersant. The improvement of asphaltene stability had an important impact on the overall stability of heavy oil，but that of heavy oil stability was also affected by resin，aromatics and saturation，and so on.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2020.01.024