有机碱和无机碱对稠油性能的影响

Effect of Organic Alkali and Inorganic Alkali on the Performance of Heavy Oil

翟文琪 马贵阳

ZHAI Wenqi，MA Guiyang

为了获得不同碱类对稠油乳化降黏及动态界面张力的影响规律，研究了 4种无机碱（碳酸钠（Na2CO3）、氢氧化钠（NaOH）、氨水（NH3·H2O）和碳酸铵（（NH4）2CO3））和 3种有机碱（甲醇钠（CH3ONa）、乙醇钠（C2H5ONa）和叔丁醇钠（C4H9ONa））对稠油黏度和稠油与碱间动态界面张力的影响。结果表明，有机碱对稠油乳状液的乳化性能好于无机碱，同时有机碱可以避免无机碱给管道等设备带来的结垢和腐蚀等。无机碱与有机碱对稠油与碱间动态界面张力的影响规律不同。随着各无机碱加量的增大，稠油与无机碱之间的动态界面张力值呈现不同的变化趋势。无机碱 NH3·H2O、（NH4）2CO3、Na2CO3和 NaOH与稠油间达到最低界面张力时所对应的质量分数分别为 0.8%、1.0%、1.0%和 0.6%；随着有机碱加量的增大，CH3ONa和 C4H9ONa与稠油间的界面张力值表现出先降低后升高的趋势，界面张力最低值所对应的有机碱质量分数为 0.15%，而随着 C2H5ONa加量的增大，稠油与碱间的界面张力值呈现先升高后降低的趋势。有机碱在稠油乳化降黏及提高稠油采收率方面较无机碱更具有优势。图 9参 16

In order to obtain the influence of different alkalis on the emulsification and dynamic interfacial tension of heavy oil，the effects of inorganic alkalis including Na2CO3，NaOH，NH3·H2O and（NH4）2CO3and organic alkalis including CH3ONa，C2H5ONa and C4H9ONa on the viscosity of heavy oil and the dynamic interfacial tension between heavy oil and alkali were studied. The results showed that organic alkali had much better emulsifying ability than inorganic alkali. At the same time，organic alkali could avoid the scaling and corrosion caused by inorganic alkali to the pipeline. The influences of organic alkali or inorganic alkali on the dynamic interfacial tension between heavy oil and alkalis were different. The regular patterns of dynamic interfacial tension between heavy oil and inorganic alkalis were different with increasing dosage of inorganic alkalis. The mass fraction of NH3·H2O，（NH4）2CO3，Na2CO3 and NaOH was 0.8%，1.0%，1.0% and 0.6% respectively，when the minimum interfacial tension reached. The interfacial tension between CH3ONa or C4H9ONa and heavy oil decreased first and then increased with increasing dosage of organic alkali，and the mass fraction of organic alkali was 0.15% when the minimum interfacial tension reached. The interfacial tension between C2H5ONa and heavy oil showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing gradually with increasing dosage of alkali. The organic alkali had an advantage over the inorganic alkali in the emulsification and viscosity reduction of heavy oil and enhancing oil recovery.