阳离子表面活性剂的支链化改性与起泡活性

Branched Modification of Cationic Surfactant and Its Foaming Activity

刘皓岚 张晓东 代 欢 安 鹏 白 云 张 洁 陈 刚

LIU Haolan ZHANG Xiaodong DAI Huan AN Peng BAI Yun ZHANG Jie CHEN Gang

为了优化阳离子型表面活性剂的起泡活性，用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（XSYP-0）与改性剂制得支链化季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂（XSYP-1～ XSYP-4），通过 Ross-Miles法与 Waring Blender法评价了产物的起泡性能和稳泡性能，对比了 5种表面活性剂所产泡沫的微观结构，研究了温度、无机盐、甲醇、凝析油对 XSYP-1～ XSYP-4起泡活性的影响。结果表明，随反应物改性剂与 XSYP-0摩尔比的增加，表面活性剂溶液的表面张力降低。其中，2.0 g/L XSYP-4溶液的表面张力为 31.88 mN/m。XSYP-0改性后的起泡性能和稳定性能均得到改善。泡沫尺寸变小，泡沫壁变厚，泡沫稳定性提高。与 XSYP-0相比，XSYP-1～ 4抗温性能、抗甲醇性能、抗盐性能和抗凝析油性能均得到提高。其中，XSYP-4 溶液抗温性能最佳，XSYP-3 溶液抗甲醇性能和抗凝析油性能最佳，XSYP-2溶液抗盐性能最佳。支链化改性可改善十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作为起泡剂的整体性能。图 12表 4参 26

In order to optimize the foaming activity of cationic surfactant，the branched quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants（XSYP-1—XSYP-4）were synthesized by cetyltrimethylammonium chlorine（XSYP-0）and modifier. The foaming ability and stabilization of synthetic products were evaluated by Ross-Miles and Waring Blender methods. The microstructures of five surfactants were compared. And the effects of temperature，inorganic salts，methanol and condensate on the foaming activity of cationic surfactants were studied. The results showed that the surface tension of surfactant solution decreased with increasing molar ratio of reactant modifier to XSYP-0. The surface tension of 2.0 g/L XSYP-4 solution was 31.88 mN/m. The foaming ability and stability of modified XSYP-0 were improved，as a result of smaller foam size and thicker foam wall. Compared with XSYP-0，the temperature resistance，methanol resistance，salt resistance and anticoagulant ability of surfactants XSYP-1—XSYP-4 were improved. Among them，XSYP-4 had excellent resistance of high temperature，XSYP-3 had outstanding resistance of methanol and condensate oil，and XSYP-2 had good salinity tolerance. The branched modification could improve the overall performance of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as a foaming agent.