降黏剂对稠油乳化反相点的影响规律

Effect of Viscosity Reducer on Emulsification Reverse Phase Point of Heavy Oil

李美蓉 于光松 安 波 孙秀婷 李晨初

LI Meirong YU Guangsong AN Bo SUN Xiuting LI Chenchu

稠油乳化反相点附近的稠油黏度较大， 对于稠油开采及运输极为不利。通过考察温度、 搅拌转速对稠油乳化反相点的影响， 得到稠油乳状液适宜的制备条件； 考察了水溶性降黏剂及油溶性降黏剂对稠油乳化反相点的影响， 并从界面膜及药剂对沥青质作用角度分析了稠油乳化反相的机理。结果表明， 在 50℃、 搅拌转速 800 r/min的条件下制得的稠油乳状液的乳化反相点最大。水溶性降黏剂和油溶性降黏剂均会使稠油乳化反相点提前， 但二者提前稠油乳化反相点的程度不同。随着降黏剂浓度的增大， 水溶性降黏剂使稠油乳化反相点降低， 由 48%提前至 35.6%； 而油溶性降黏剂使稠油乳化反相点先减小后增大。水溶性降黏剂通过降低界面扩张模量和界面张力实现提前反相， 而油溶性降黏剂主要通过降低界面扩张模量来实现反相； 加入降黏剂前后沥青质的微观形貌表明， 水溶性降黏剂对沥青质聚集体的破坏程度强于油溶性降黏剂， 降黏剂主要通过降低沥青质所组成的界面膜强度来实现反相。图 13参 14

The viscous heavy oil near the emulsification reverse phase point had a large viscosity，which was extremely unfavorable for the exploitation and transportation of heavy oil. By examining the effect of temperature and stirring speed on the reverse phase point of heavy oil emulsification，suitable preparation condition for heavy oil emulsion was obtained. The effects of water soluble viscosity reducer and oil soluble viscosity reducer on the reverse phase point of heavy oil emulsification were investigated. The mechanism of emulsification inversion of heavy oil emulsion was analyzed from the viewpoint of interfacial membrane and agent action on asphaltene. The results showed that the emulsification reverse phase point of heavy oil emulsion reached the maximum on the preparation condition of 50℃ and 800 r/min stirring speed. Both the water soluble viscosity reducer and oil soluble viscosity reducer advanced the emulsification reverse phase point of heavy oil，but there was difference in advancing degree. With the increasing concentration of viscosity reducer，water soluble viscosity reducer decreased the emulsification reverse phase point of heavy oil from 48% to 35.6% ，while oil soluble viscosity reducer made the emulsification reverse phase point of heavy oil decreased first and then increased. Water soluble viscosity reducer achieved early phase reversal by decreasing the interfacial dilatational modulus and interfacial tension，while oil soluble viscosity reducer achieved phase reversal by decreasing the interfacial dilational modulus. The analysis of microcosmic morphology of asphaltene before and after adding viscosity reducer showed that water soluble viscosity reducer had higher extent of damage to asphaltene aggregates than oil soluble viscosity reducer. The viscosity reducer mainly realized phase reversal by reducing the strength of interfacial film formed by asphaltene.