高抗盐羟基磺基甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成与性能

Synthesis and Performance of a Betaine Surfactant Containing Hydroxyl and Sulfo with High Salt Resistance

张平 张红静 侯留通 聂新成 周磊 周明

ZHANG Ping ZHANG Hongjing HOU Liutong NIE Xincheng ZHOU Lei ZHOU Ming

针对常规表面活性剂在化学驱和压裂中不抗盐的问题，以十四醇、环氧氯丙烷、N，N-二甲基乙醇胺和2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠等为原料，通过两步醚化法和一步季胺化法合成了一种高抗盐性羟基磺基甜菜碱型表面活性剂［N-（6-十四烷氧基-5-羟基）-丙氧基乙基-N-二甲基-N-（2-羟基）丙磺酸钠］氯化铵。用红外光谱仪对化合物的结构进行了表征，研究了表面活性剂水溶液的表面活性。结果表明，所合成的表面活性剂具有优良的表面活性，25℃下的临界胶束浓度（cCMC）为6.4×10-4 mol/L、临界胶束浓度下的表面张力（γCMC）为32.2 mN/m、降低表面张力效率（pC20）为3.38、饱和吸附量（Γmax）为2.80×10-6 mol/m2、最小吸附面积（Amin）为0.17nm2/分子。该表面活性剂亲水基团受高矿化度的影响较小，抗盐性较好，在NaCl、CaCl2和MgCl2质量浓度分别为2.8×105、2.0×104和2.0×104mg/L的溶液中均未出现沉淀。图2 表1 参15

Aiming at the problem that common surfactants didn’t resist high concentration salt and it was not easy to be used as flooding chemicals and fracture liquids in high salinity reservoirs，a new type of betaine surfactant containing hydroxyl and sulfo， named N-（6-tetradecyloxy-5-hydroxyl）-propoxyethyl-N-dimethyl-N-（2-hydroxyl）propanesulfonic acid sodium ammonium chloride， was successfully synthesized by two step etherification and one quaternization with tetradecyl alcohol，epoxy chloropropane，N，N-dimethylethanolamine and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propanesulfonic acid sodium as main raw materials. The structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectrometer，and their surface activities of surfactant solution were studied. The results showed that the synthesized surfactant had good surface activity，whose critical micelle concentration（cCMC）was 6.4 × 10-4 mol/L，surface tension（γCMC）was 32.2 mN/m，surface tension reduction efficiency（pC20）was 3.38，the saturated extent of adsorption（Γmax）was 2.80×10-6 mol/m2 and the minimum adsorption area（Amin）was 0.17 nm2 per molecule at 25℃. The high salinity had less impact on the hydrophilic group of surfactant. When the mass concentration of NaCl，CaCl2 and MgCl2 arrived 2.8×105，2.0×104 and 2.0×104 mg/L，respectively，the synthesized Gemini surfactant didn’t generate precipitation，indicating good salt resistance.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2017.02.021