低伤害高效减阻水压裂液的研究与应用

Research and Application of Slippery Water Fracturing Fluid with Low Hurt and High Efficiency

郭粉娟 谢娟 张高群 孙春佳 胡娅娅 王延平 李鹏

GUO Fenjuan，XIE Juan，ZHANG Gaoqun，SUN Chunjia，HU Yaya，WANG Yanping

为解决目前减阻水压裂液对地层伤害大、抗盐性能差等问题，合成了一种水包水型减阻剂FR-4，并以FR-4为主剂配制了组成为0.1% 减阻剂FR-4+0.11%复合增效剂ZX-1+0.50%黏土稳定剂NW-2 的减阻水压裂液，考察了该压裂液的减阻性能、抗盐性能及其对支撑剂充填层导流能力及岩心的伤害等性能。研究结果表明，在剪切 速率10000 s-1、1/8″管径的条件下，该减阻水压裂液在室温、70℃时的减阻率分别为72.1%、71.4%，具有优良的减阻性能和耐温性；分别用盐水、返排水和模拟海水配制的减阻水压裂液的减阻率均在70%以上，具有良好的抗盐性能；在铺砂（50/70 目陶粒）浓度10 kg/m2、压力10～70 MPa的情况下，该减阻水压裂液对支撑剂充填层导流能力伤害率均小于10%，属低伤害减阻水压裂液；用该减阻水压裂液驱替低渗岩心（渗透率1.92×10-3～3.52×10-3μm2）24 h 后，对岩心伤害较小，伤害率仅为5.62%。该减阻水压裂液的表观黏度1.203 mPa·s（温度30℃、转速100 r/min），表面张力为24.96 mN/m（温度25℃），膨胀体积为2.88 mL，具有良好的表面活性和防膨性能，有利于保护储层和压后液体返排；该减阻剂分散时间小于5 s，而且无毒环保，可满足现场即配即注工艺要求。图3表6参7

Aiming at the current problem that the slippery water fracturing fluid（SWFF）does great harm to the formation large and has poor salt resistance，etc，a water in water friction reducer FR-4 was synthesized，and using FR-4 as main agent，the FR-4 SWFF was prepared，composed of 0.10% friction reducer FR-4，0.11% composite synergist ZX-1 and 0.50% clay stabilizer NW-2. Furthermore，the property of the FR-4 SWFF was studied，including drag-reducing property，salt resistance，the damage of FR-4 SWFF to flow conductivity of propping agent and to core，etc. The results showed that at the shear rate of 10000 s-1 and in the line of 1/8 "diameter caliber，the drag reduction rate of the FR-4 SWFF was 72.1% and 71.4%，respectively，at the room temperature of 25℃ and the temperature of 70℃，respectively，indicating that the FR-4 SWFF had excellent drag reduction performance and FR-4 had good temperature resistance；the drag reduction rate of different FR-4 SWFF prepared with salt water，return drainage and simulated seawater，respectively，was more than 70%，which indicated that the FR-4 had good salt resistance. Under the condition of the sand（50/70 mesh ceramide proppant）concentration of 10 kg/m2 and the pressure range of 10—70 MPa，after injecting the FR-4 SWFF，the flow capacity damage rate of proppant filling was less than 10%，which indicated that the FR-4 SWFF belonged to the low damage SWFF. After injecting the FR-4 SWFF into the low permeable core with the permeability of 1.92×10-3—3.52×10-3μm2 for 24 h，the core damage was low，being of 5.62%. The apparent viscosity of the FR-4 SWFF was of 1.203 mPa·s at the temperature of 30℃ and at the rotational speed of 100 r/min，the surface tension was of 24.96 mN/m at the temperature of 25℃， and the volume expansion was of 2.88 mL，the FR-4 SWFF had a good surface activity and the anti-swelling performance，which are conducive to protection of the reservoir and fracturing fluid flowback after fracturing. The dispersion time of the FR-4 was less than 5 s，and FR-4 was non-toxic and environmental friendly. What is more，the FR-4 SWFF had excellent drag reduction performance during the construction process，which could meet the online mixing technological requirements，

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2016.03.009