特超稠油黏度的影响因素研究

Viscosity Influence Factors of Super Heavy Crude Oil

赵瑞玉 展学成 张超 李灿 杨朝合 赵瑜生 赵元生

ZHAO Ruiyu ZHAN Xuecheng ZHANG Chao LI Can YANG Chaohe ZHAO Yusheng ZHAO Yuansheng

为推动稠油降黏技术的发展，获得稠油黏度的控制因素，以塔河、轮古油田的15 个稠油样为研究对象，考察了稠油的黏温关系，进行了饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质（SARA）四组分分离和元素组成分析并将其与黏度进行关联分析，研究了水热催化裂解法对稠油的降黏作用效果。研究结果表明，稠油中存在结构黏度，黏温关系较好地符合Arrhenius 方程。稠油黏度与组成有关，随稠油中饱和分、芳香分、胶质含量增加，稠油黏度降低；随沥青质含量增多，稠油黏度呈近似指数关系升高；随胶体稳定性参数（胶质/沥青质量比）增大，稠油黏度降低并呈近似指数关系；稠油黏度与N、Ni 含量正相关，与S、V含量关系不明显；氢碳原子比越小、芳碳率越高，稠油黏度越大。对LG-01 稠油进行水热裂解降黏实验结果表明，反应后油样的黏度变化与组成变化相对应，在80℃的黏度由反应前的34965 mPa·s 变为12165～295858 mPa·s，水热反应后对应的沥青质含量为21.50%～29.22%，胶体稳定性参数为1.19～0.63，氢碳原子比依次降低，杂原子S、N含量依次增加。图12 表3参16

In order to promote the development of viscosity reducing methods and obtain controlling factors of the viscosity of heavy oil，15 super heavy oil samples chosen from Tahe and Lungu oilfield were investigated. Analysis methods including viscositytemperature characteristics，four components（saturate，aromatic，resin and asphaltene）separation，element composition analysis were conducted，and then correlated with the viscosity of crude oil. The effect of aquathermolysis on the viscosity of heavy oil was studied. The results showed that there existed structure viscosity in heavy oil，and the viscosity-temperature curve accorded well with Arrehenius equation. The viscosity was connected with the component of heavy oil，decreasing with increasing content of saturate，aromatic or resin. And with the increase of asphaltene content or decrease of colloidal stability parameter（mass ratio of resin and asphaltene），the viscosity increased in an exponential means. The viscosity had a positive correlation with content of N and Ni，while the correlation between viscosity and content of V and S was not clear. Additionally，the smaller atomic ratio of H to C，the higher aromatic carbon ratio，the greater viscosity of heavy oil was. Aquathermolysis of LG-01 heavy oil was conducted to reduce its viscosity. The results showed that the viscosity（80℃）of oil sample varied from 34965 mPa·s before reaction to 12165—295858 mPa·s，corresponding with the change of component. After aquathermolysis，the corresponding content of asphaltene ranged from 21.50% to 29.22%，colloidal stability parameter ranged from 1.19 to 0.63，atomic ratio of H to C decreased and the content of heteroatom including S and N increased.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2016.06.027