有机碱/复配表面活性剂稳定的稠油水包油乳状液的破乳研究

Demulsification Efficiency of Heavy Oil-in-water Emulsion Stabilized by Organic Alkali and Compound Surfactants

蒋华义 孙娜娜 王舰 童金环

JIANG Huayi SUN Nana WANG Jian TONG Jinhuan

为解决复配表面活性剂和有机碱稳定的稠油O/W型乳状液破乳脱水困难的问题，获得作用良好的稠油乳液破乳工艺技术，考察了pH、破乳剂、絮凝剂和温度对该类乳状液破乳效果的影响。研究结果表明，pH对乳状液的破乳效果影响显著，溶液pH值为7 时获得的破乳脱水效果最好，分水率达到最大值59.6%；不同种类的破乳剂具有不同的破乳脱水作用，破乳剂类型对乳液分水率的影响程度为：CTAB（阳离子型）＞RKP（非离子型）＞SDS（阴离子型），其中RKP脱出的水色清、界面清晰，加量0.01%时的分水率达到最高值68.0%；含不同絮凝剂的体系具有不同的破乳脱水效果，乳状液的分水率随絮凝剂质量分数增加先升高后降低，无机絮凝剂的破乳效果依次为聚合氯化铝PAC＞FeCl3·6H2O＞AlCl3·6H2O，有机絮凝剂的破乳效果依次为CPAM（阳离子型）＞PAM（非离子型）＞HPAM（阴离子型），CPAM可显著提高乳液分水率；升高温度可提高乳状液分水率，温度对HCl一元体系破乳效果的影响较小，对HCl与RKP组成的二元体系及HCl、RKP与CPAM组成的三元体系破乳效果影响较大；塔河稠油适宜的破乳条件为pH=7、RKP质量分数0.01%、CPAM质量分数0.008%、破乳温度70℃，破乳2 h 的分水率可达98.4%。图3 表6 参18

Considering the emulsion stabilized by organic base and compound surfactants was too stabile to separate automatically，and in order to obtain an efficient demulsification technique，the effect of pH，demulsifier，flocculant and temperature on the demulisification of this kind of heavy oil-in-water emulsion was investigated. The experiment results showed that pH had a prominent effect on the demulsification of emulsion. The water separation rate reached its highest point 59.6% when the solution was neutral. When the pH value was equal to 7，the demulsification effect of different demulsifiers was various，and three demulsifiers were arranged according to their influence on water separation rate in following order: CTAB（cationic）＞RK（nonionic）＞SDS（anionic）. The separated water and oil/water interface were both clear under the influence of RKP，and the water separation rate reached its maximum value 68.0% with 0.01% RKP dosage. The demulsification effect of system with different kinds of flocculant was different，and the water separation rate of emulsion increased first and then decreased as the flocculant concentration increased. Three inorganic flocculants were arranged according to their influence on water separation rate in following order: PAC＞FeCl3·6H2O＞AlCl3·6H2O，and three organic flocculants were arranged in following order: CPAM（cationic）＞PAM（nonionic）＞HPAM（anionic）. CPAM could significantly improve the water separation rate. The water separation rate increased with increasing temperature. The effect of temperature on the demulsification under the influence of HCl solution was insignificant， but that on binary system and ternary system which were respectively composed by HCl and RKP，HCl，RKP and CPAM were prominent. The suitable demulsification condition of Tahe heavy oil was obtained as follows: pH=7，0.01% RKP，0.008% CPAM and 70℃，on which the water separation rate could reach 98.4% with 2 hrs breaking time.

10.19346/j.cnki.1000-4092.2016.06.030