埕北稠油近临界水改质降黏的研究

Upgrading and Viscosity Reduction of Chengbei Heavy Oil in Sub-Critical Water

许可 唐晓东 李晶晶+ 卿大勇 刘卫东

XU Ke TANG Xiaodong LI Jingjing QING Dayong LIUWeidong

通过对埕北稠油进行近临界水改质模拟实验，优选了最佳反应条件，分析了稠油改质前后的烃族组成和结构，对比了普通水热改质、近临界水改质与近临界水催化改质的降黏效果。实验结果表明：由于水在近临界条件下具有近临界流体、溶剂化和催化供氢等效应，在油水质量比8∶2、反应温度260℃、反应压力6 MPa和反应时间24 h 的条件下，稠油近临界水改质降黏率达到21.40%，稠油沥青质含量下降56.46%，红外光谱图显示改质前后稠油发生明显的C—S键断裂。将反应压力降至3 MPa，在非近临界条件下对稠油进行普通改质，稠油黏度下降7.98%；加入0.1%的催化剂，对稠油进行近临界水催化改质，稠油黏度下降51.27%。从降黏效果比较，近临界水催化改质>近临界水改质>普通改质。图1 表6 参12

Choosing the best reaction condition of Chengbei heavy oil in sub-critical water upgrading simulation experiment，analyzing hydrocarbon composition and structure of heavy oil upgrading，and comparing viscosity effect with three upgrading reaction，we got results that water in sub-critical condition had the nature of near-critical fluid，and the effect of solvent and catalytic for hydrogen. When oil-water mass ratio was 8∶2，reaction temperature was 260℃，pressure was 6 MPa and time was 24h，the viscosity reduction rate was 21.4%，the content of asphalt decreased 56.46%. The infra-red spectrum of crude and upgrading heavy oil presented obviously cleavage of C—S bond. Reducing the pressure to 3 MPa and in non-critical condition for general upgrading of heavy oil，the viscosity of heavy oil decreased 7.98%. Adding 0.1% catalyst，the viscosity of heavy oil decreased 51.27% by near-critical water catalytic upgrading. Three upgrading methods were arranged according to the effect of viscosity reduction in following order: sub-critical water catalytic upgrading>sub-critical water upgrading>general upgrading.