水辅助萃取法从油田含油污泥中回收原油

Recovery of Crude Oil from Oil Sludge in Shengli Oilfield by Water-Assisted Solvent Extraction Method

赵瑞玉 张超 刘宝洪 王清 刘晨光

ZHAO Ruiyu，ZHANG Chao，LIU Baohong，WANG Qing，LIU Chenguang

通过水辅助萃取法从含油污泥中回收合格原油。以溶解度参数和“相似相溶”原则为依据，首先选择几种高效溶剂，然后通过溶解度参数的调整，进行溶剂复配，得到一种高效、低毒和环境友好的萃取剂。萃取剂由正己烷（A2）、混合环烷烃（A3）和醇醚混合物（B1）组成，它们的体积比为A2∶A3∶B1=0.5∶0.3∶0.2。考察了剂泥比、萃取温度、萃取时间、搅拌速度对萃取效果的影响。结果表明，最佳萃取条件为：剂泥比5∶1，萃取温度35℃，萃取时间45 min，搅拌速度160 r/min。在最佳条件下萃取得到的原油残油率为3.65%，油-水界面清晰，无明显中间层，易于分离；350℃以上馏分占74%，原油较重；含饱和分7.54%、芳香分45.13%、胶质28.12%、沥青质5.23%，含硫1.99%、镍622 μg/g，含水0.8%，达到油田外输油的要求。

Water-assisted solvent extraction method was used to recovery qualified oil from oily sludge. Based on the solubility parameter and“rule of similarity”，several efficient solvents were selected. Through the mixture of solvent to adjust the solubility parameter researchers developed a highly efficient，harmfulless and environmental friendly extracting solvent. The extracting solvent consisted of hexane（A2），mixed naphthenes（A3）and alcohol ether mixture（B1）. The volume ratio of A2∶A3∶B1 was 0.5∶0.3∶0.2. The influence of ratio of solvent to mud，extracting temperature，extracting time and stirring rate on the effect of extraction was studied. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition was obtained as follows：5∶1 ratio of solvent to mud，35℃ extraction temperature，45 min extraction time，160 r/min stirring speed. The residual oil rate of crude oil was 3.65% under the optimum extraction condition. The extracting solvent had good oil removing rate，the interface of oil and water became very obvious without emulsification and the water could separate from oil easily. The crude oil fractions over 350℃ accounted for 74%，which indicated that crude oil was heavier. The content of saturates，aromatics，resins，asphaltenes，S and Ni was 7.54%， 45.13%，28.12%，5.23%，1.99% and 622 μg/g. The water content of oil extracted was 0.8% and reached the requirements of oil transportation.