抗油起泡剂的筛选与性能评价

Selection and Performance Evaluation of Oil Resistant Foaming Agents

端祥刚 侯吉瑞 李 实 程婷婷 俞宏伟 马云飞

DUAN Xiang-Gang HOU Ji-Rui LI Shi CHENG Ting-Ting YU Hong-Wei MA Yun-Fei

从烷基醇酰胺类表面活性剂、磺基甜菜碱类表面活性剂、EO磺酸盐类表面活性剂、氟碳类表面活性剂和十二烷基硫酸纳（SDS）起泡剂中优选出泡膜数小于1的氟碳类表面活性剂和起泡性能优异的SDS复配体系。用Waring Blender法评价起泡剂的泡沫性能。结果表明，JSC-6氟碳表面活性剂的耐油性较好，在含油10%时的泡沫体积为320 mL、析液半衰期2.5 h、综合指数2285.7。SDS与助剂ZC-1复配后，在含油10%时的泡沫体积为330 mL、析液半衰期15 min、综合指数235.7，具有一定的耐油起泡性，但稳定时间短。稳定剂部分水解聚丙烯酰胺使JSC-6体系和SDS体系的稳定性提高，半衰期由36和10 min分别增至126和68 min。在含油饱和度较低时（低于25%）,SDS体系起泡能力优异，综合指数高，具有一定优势；而当含油饱和度高于25%时，氟碳表面活性剂则表现出更好的起泡能力和更长的稳定时间。

Five kinds of surfactants were synthesized as foaming agent including alkanolamide, modified sulfonic betaine, ethylene oxide sulfonate, fluorocarbon (FC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The FC surfactants were selected priority because its film number was less than 1, and SDS was also selected because of its good foamability. The properties of foaming agents were measured by Waring Blender method. The testing results showed that FC surfactants (JSC-6) had good performance on oil tolerance, whose foaming volume was 320 mL, draining half time was 2.5 h and foam composite index (FCI) was 2285.7 in the presence of crude oil (10%). When inorganic salt ZC-1 was added into SDS solution, the foaming agent showed poor oil tolerance and short foam stability with 10% oil, and the foaming volume was 330 mL while the draining half time was 15 min and FCI was 235.7. When partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide was added to the foaming agent system, the stability of both JSC-6 and SDS foaming agent was improved, and the half time increased from 36 and 10 min to 126 and 68 min, respectively. When the oil saturation was low (less than 25%), the SDS foaming agent had a high foam composite complex index, but FC system had better foamability and stability when the oil saturation was higher than 25%.