摘要
以22个碳链的阳离子表面活性剂—山嵛酰胺丙基三甲基氯化胺（S22）为主表面活性剂，水杨酸钠（NaSal）为助剂，柴油、盐酸、正丁醇和正辛醇为主要原料，制得S22/NaSal增稠柴油凝胶盐酸体系。考察了S22、NaSal用量对柴油凝胶盐酸体系的影响。在50℃下，S22加量由0.7008增至1.2013 g，正辛醇量由0.4887增至0.8708 g，体系从黏液逐渐成为凝胶状态。当NaSal加量由0.0216增至0.1515 g，形成澄清柴油凝胶盐酸所需正辛醇量从0.4600降至0.3766 g；若NaSal加量为0，则不能形成透明凝胶盐酸。对S22/NaSal柴油凝胶盐酸体系流变性和延缓反应性能的研究结果表明，该体系具有剪切变稀和黏弹触变环，流动曲线可用非线性共转Jeffreys本构方程表征。该体系对大理石的消耗量显著小于同浓度盐酸对大理石的消耗量，缓速率为83%~98%，延缓酸岩反应性能良好。
Abstract
The S22/NaSal thickening diesel gelled hydrochloride acid system was prepared with cationic surfactant docosanylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (S22) containing 22 carbon chain length as main surfactant, sodium salicylate (NaSal) as co-additive, diesel, hydrochloride acid, n-butanol and 1-octanol as main materials. The effect of dosages of S22 and NaSal on the formation of thickening and gelled diesel hydrochloride acid was investigated. When the dosage of S22 added from 0.7008 to 1.2013 g, and the dosage of 1-octanol added from 0.4887 to 0.8708 g, the acid system changed from viscous fluid to gel gradually at 50℃. When the dosage of NaSal increased from 0.0216 to 0.1515 g, the dosage of 1-octanol needed to form transparent gelling acid decreased from 0.4600 to 0.3766 g. If there was no dosage of NaSal added, the transparent gelling acid system could not formed. The results of rheological study showed that S22/NaSal thickening diesel gelled hydrochloride acid possessed shear thinning property, and exhibited hysteresis loop of viscoelastic-thixotropic fluid. Its viscosity curves could be described by non-linear co-rotational Jeffreys constitutive equation. The consumption mass of marble reacted with S22/NaSal thickening diesel gelled hydrochloride acid system was much less than that reacted with same concentration of hydrochloride acid, and the retard reaction rate of the system ranged from 83% to 98%, which showed good retard reaction performance.
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