摘要
以郑王稠油采出液为研究对象，配制航空煤油模拟油-水乳状液，研究了滨南利津联合站所用的SH降黏剂（非离子和阴离子表面活性剂复配而成）对油水界面张力、zeta电位、界面扩张流变性和乳状液稳定性的影响，分析了油水界面性质与模拟油-水乳状液稳定性的关系。结果表明，SH降黏剂质量分数由0增至0.05%时，油水界面张力、油滴的zeta电位变化较小，而扩张模量由16.18 mN/m迅速降至4.60 mN/m，弹性模量由13.76 mN/m降至3.54 mN/m，黏性模量由85.12 mN/m迅速降至29.46 mN/m，脱水率由4.4%迅速增至83.1%，此时界面膜强度的减小是影响乳状液稳定性的主要因素，扩张模量越小则乳状液稳定性越差；当SH降黏剂加量由0.05%增至0.3%时，界面张力由48.93 mN/m降至35.50 mN/m，zeta电位绝对值由7.83 mV逐渐降至3.95 mV，扩张模量、弹性模量、黏性模量逐渐增至7.38、6.42、36.52 mN/m，脱水率降至60.0%。SH降黏剂加量在低于0.3%的范围内，扩张模量与模拟乳状液的脱水率有很好的关联，可以用扩张模量表征模拟油-水乳状液的稳定性。
Abstract
Taking Zhengwang heavy oil as the study object, kerosene-water simulated emulsion was prepared. The effects of gathering and transportation viscosity reducer (SH) compounded by non-ionic and anionic surfactants on interfacial tension, zeta potential, dilational rheology, emulsion stability and the association between interfacial properties and emulsion stability were investigated. The results showed that when the mass fraction of SH viscosity reducer was below 0.05%, the interfacial tension and zeta potential were influenced little while the dilational modulus decreased from 16.18 to 4.60 mN/m rapidly. The elasticity modulus reduced from 13.76 to 3.54 mN/m, and the viscous modulus reduced from 85.12 to 29.46 mN/m. The dehydration rate increased from 4.4% to 83.1%. Thus the decrease of interfacial film strength was the main factor affecting the emulsion stability. The larger dilational modulus, the more stable emulsion was. When the mass fraction of SH viscosity reducer was between 0.05% and 0.3%, the interfacial tension decreased from 48.93 to 35.50 mN/m and the absolute value of zeta potential decreased from7.83 to 3.95 mV. The dilational modulus, elasticity modulus and viscous modulus increased to 7.38, 6.42 and 36.52 mN/m, respectively. The dehydration rate decreased to 60.0%. When the mass fraction of SH viscosity reducer was below 0.3%, the dilational modulus had a good correlation with dehydration rate of simulated emulsion. The dilational modulus could be used to represent emulsion stability.
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