巴喀地区防塌钻井液技术的研究与试验

Research and Test of Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluid in Baka Block

陈志学 樊洪海 史东辉 杨华斌 刘 力 南文泽

CHEN Zhi-Xue FAN Hong-Hai SHI Dong-Hui YANG Hua-Bin LIU Li NAN Wen-Ze

通过开展X-射线衍射分析以及滚动回收率和膨胀率实验，分析了巴喀地区地层黏土矿物理化性能变化规律。针对巴喀地层岩性特点和钻井液使用技术难点，结合现用的几种钻井液体系（分别为聚磺钻井液、聚醚多元醇钻井液和胺基聚醇钻井液），主要开展了常规性能、抑制性能和封堵防塌能力的评价，并采用最佳配方钻井液在柯21-平1井进行了现场试验。实验结果表明，煤层黏土矿物含量较高，且以伊/蒙混层为主，要求钻井液在煤层井段应具备强抑制性，下部应具备封堵防塌能力。优选出抑制性和封堵防塌能力均最好的胺基聚醇钻井液体系配方为(4%~5%)膨润土+0.5%胺基聚醇AP-1 +0.5%铝基聚合物防塌剂DLP-1+(0.8%~1%)水解聚丙烯腈钠盐NaHPAN+0.5%NaOH+(0.3%~0.5%)羧甲基纤维素CMC+(3%~4%)阳离子乳化沥青+3%磺甲基酚醛树脂SMP-1+(3%~5%) 磺甲基酚醛树脂SMP-2+3%褐煤树脂SPNH+2%无侵入保护剂BST-2+3%磺化单宁SMT+(2%-4%)磺化腐殖酸铬PSC，其API滤失量4.2 mL，高温高压滤失量为12 mL，能有效抑制泥岩水化膨胀,具有良好的封堵防塌能力。柯21-平1井的现场试验结果表明，煤层段钻井过程中未发生井下事故复杂，成功钻穿多套煤层及含煤地层，同时，还确保了定向钻井时的井壁稳定，使钻井周期明显缩短，且钻井液性能易于维护，操作简单，满足了煤层井段安全钻井的要求。

Through the development of X-diffraction, coefficient of rolling recovery and expansion laboratory experiments, the physical and chemical performance distribution rule of the formation clay mineral in Baka area was summarized. According to characteristics of formation lithological and technical difficulties of the drilling fluid used in Baka area, combined with the existing several different drilling fluid systems, including sulphonated polymer mud, polyether glycol drilling fluid, and amino poly alcohol drilling fluid, the conventional performance, inhibition performance and plugging and anti -sloughing ability were investigated and the best drilling fluid was carried out in t Ke21-ping 1 well. The experimental results showed that the content of coal and clay minerals were higher, thereinto, the clay minerals were mainly illite and smectite mixed layer, which meant that the drilling fluid in coal seam drilling hole should have strong inhibitory, in the lower should have anti-sloughing ability. The recipe of the optimal drilling fluid system with the strongest inhibitory and plugging and anti-sloughing ability, an amino poly alcohol drilling fluid, was as follows: (4%-5%) bentonite+0.5% amino poly alcohol AP-1+0.5% aluminum polymer anti-sloughing agent DLP-1+ (0.8%-1%) Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile sodium NaHPAN+0.5% NaOH+ (0.3%-0.5%) carboxymethyl cellulose CMC+ (3%-4%) cationic emulsified asphalt +3% sulfomethylation phenolic resin SMP-1+ (3%-5%) sulfomethylation phenolic resin SMP-2+3% lignite resin SPNH +2% non-invaded protection agents BST-2+3% sulfonated tannins SMT+ (2%-4%) sulfonated humic acid chromium PSC. The API filtration of the optimal drilling fluid was 4.2 mL, and the high temperature and high pressure filtration was 12 mL, which could inhibit shale hydration swelling effectively, exhibiting the excellent plugging and anti - sloughing ability. Field test results of Ke21 - ping 1 well showed that in the coal seam section drilling process the underground complicated accidents had not occurred to, and the penetration of many sets of coal seam and coal-bearing stratum was achieved successfully. At the same time, it also ensured the stability of directional drilling of borehole wall, and made the drilling cycle significantly shorten and the performance of drilling fluid maintenance more easily. The operation was simple and could fulfill the safety drilling requirements of coal seam hole.