原油中的乳化活性组分及含碱体系驱油机理

Interface-Active Components in Crude Oil and the Mechanisms of Alkaline Flooding

秦 慧 叶汝强 牟伯中

QIN Hui YE Ru-Qiang MU Bo-Zhong

针对三次采油中常用的含碱体系，介绍了原油中的碱水乳化活性组分，主要为有机酸、起辅助作用的非酸含氧化合物和其他非酸组分。有些原油还含有影响其碱水乳化性能的特殊微量组分，如硅氧烷、氨基酸和苯胺。综述了含碱体系驱油机理，包括降低界面张力、润湿反转、乳化、增大水相黏性、改变原油流变性、增溶刚性膜和热力学分析，以及碱、盐等影响因素。

Flooding containing alkali was commonly used in EOR. The interface-active components interacting with alkali in crude oil were introduced. The main active components were organic acids, non-acids and heavier substances which played a supporting role. Some crude oil also contained special trace components including siloxanes、amino acids and anilines which affected its alkaline emulsifying properties. The mechanisms of alkaline flooding were reviewed, such as reducing the interfacial tension, reversing wettability, emulsifying, increasing the viscosity of water phase, changing the rheology of crude oil, solubilizing the rigid film and thermodynamic analysis, as well as the influencing factors of alkali, salt, etc.